Systems and methods for signaling output layer set information in video coding

ABSTRACT

A device may be configured to signal output layer set information according to one or more of the techniques described herein. The device comprising one or more processors configured to: receiving a video parameter set including syntax elements; parsing first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parsing second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to video coding and more particularly to techniques for signaling output layer set information for coded video.

BACKGROUND ART

Digital video capabilities can be incorporated into a wide range of devices, including digital televisions, laptop or desktop computers, tablet computers, digital recording devices, digital media players, video gaming devices, cellular telephones, including so-called smartphones, medical imaging devices, and the like. Digital video may be coded according to a video coding standard. Video coding standards define the format of a compliant bitstream encapsulating coded video data. A compliant bitstream is a data structure that may be received and decoded by a video decoding device to generate reconstructed video data. Video coding standards may incorporate video compression techniques. Examples of video coding standards include ISO/IEC MPEG-4 Visual and ITU-T H.264 (also known as ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC) and High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). HEVC is described in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Rec. ITU-T H.265, December 2016, which is incorporated by reference, and referred to herein as ITU-T H.265. Extensions and improvements for ITU-T H.265 are currently being considered for the development of next generation video coding standards. For example, the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC (Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (collectively referred to as the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET)) are working to standardized video coding technology with a compression capability that significantly exceeds that of the current HEVC standard. The Joint Exploration Model 7 (JEM 7), Algorithm Description of Joint Exploration Test Model 7 (JEM 7), ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Document: JVET-G1001, July 2017, Torino, IT, which is incorporated by reference herein, describes the coding features that were under coordinated test model study by the JVET as potentially enhancing video coding technology beyond the capabilities of ITU-T H.265. It should be noted that the coding features of JEM 7 are implemented in JEM reference software. As used herein, the term JEM may collectively refer to algorithms included in JEM 7 and implementations of JEM reference software. Further, in response to a “Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression with Capabilities beyond HEVC,” jointly issued by VCEG and MPEG, multiple descriptions of video coding tools were proposed by various groups at the 10th Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 16-20 Apr. 2018, San Diego, Calif. From the multiple descriptions of video coding tools, a resulting initial draft text of a video coding specification is described in “Versatile Video Coding (Draft 1),” 10th Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 16-20 Apr. 2018, San Diego, Calif., document JVET-J1001-v2, which is incorporated by reference herein, and referred to as JVET-J1001. The current development of a next generation video coding standard by the VCEG and MPEG is referred to as the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) project. “Versatile Video Coding (Draft 7),” 16th Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 1-11 Oct. 2019, Geneva, CH, document JVET-P2001-vE, which is incorporated by reference herein, and referred to as JVET-P2001, represents the current iteration of the draft text of a video coding specification corresponding to the VVC project.

Video compression techniques enable data requirements for storing and transmitting video data to be reduced. Video compression techniques may reduce data requirements by exploiting the inherent redundancies in a video sequence. Video compression techniques may sub-divide a video sequence into successively smaller portions (i.e., groups of pictures within a video sequence, a picture within a group of pictures, regions within a picture, sub-regions within regions, etc.). Intra prediction coding techniques (e.g., spatial prediction techniques within a picture) and inter prediction techniques (i.e., inter-picture techniques (temporal)) may be used to generate difference values between a unit of video data to be coded and a reference unit of video data. The difference values may be referred to as residual data. Residual data may be coded as quantized transform coefficients. Syntax elements may relate residual data and a reference coding unit (e.g., intra-prediction mode indices, and motion information). Residual data and syntax elements may be entropy coded. Entropy encoded residual data and syntax elements may be included in data structures forming a compliant bitstream.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In one example, a method of decoding video data, the method comprising: receiving a video parameter set including syntax elements; parsing first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parsing second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter set contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

In one example, a device comprising one or more processors configured to: receive a video parameter set including syntax elements; parse first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parse second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system that may be configured to encode and decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating coded video data and corresponding data structures according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a data structure encapsulating coded video data and corresponding metadata according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual drawing illustrating an example of components that may be included in an implementation of a system that may be configured to encode and decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video encoder that may be configured to encode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video decoder that may be configured to decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In general, this disclosure describes various techniques for coding video data. In particular, this disclosure describes techniques for signaling information for output layer sets for coded video data. It should be noted that although techniques of this disclosure are described with respect to ITU-T H.264, ITU-T H.265, JEM, and JVET-P2001, the techniques of this disclosure are generally applicable to video coding. For example, the coding techniques described herein may be incorporated into video coding systems, (including video coding systems based on future video coding standards) including video block structures, intra prediction techniques, inter prediction techniques, transform techniques, filtering techniques, and/or entropy coding techniques other than those included in ITU-T H.265, JEM, and JVET-P2001. Thus, reference to ITU-T H.264, ITU-T H.265, JEM, and/or JVET-P2001 is for descriptive purposes and should not be construed to limit the scope of the techniques described herein. Further, it should be noted that incorporation by reference of documents herein is for descriptive purposes and should not be construed to limit or create ambiguity with respect to terms used herein. For example, in the case where an incorporated reference provides a different definition of a term than another incorporated reference and/or as the term is used herein, the term should be interpreted in a manner that broadly includes each respective definition and/or in a manner that includes each of the particular definitions in the alternative.

In one example, a device comprises one or more processors configured to signal a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and conditionally signal hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprises instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to signal a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and conditionally signal hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, an apparatus comprises means for signaling a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and means for conditionally signaling hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, a device comprises one or more processors configured to parse a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and conditionally parse hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprises instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to parse a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and conditionally parse hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, an apparatus comprises means for parsing a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and means for conditionally parsing hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

The details of one or more examples are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

Video content includes video sequences comprised of a series of frames (or pictures). A series of frames may also be referred to as a group of pictures (GOP). Each video frame or picture may divided into one or more regions. Regions may be defined according to a base unit (e.g., a video block) and sets of rules defining a region. For example, a rule defining a region may be that a region must be an integer number of video blocks arranged in a rectangle. Further, video blocks in a region may be ordered according to a scan pattern (e.g., a raster scan). As used herein, the term video block may generally refer to an area of a picture or may more specifically refer to the largest array of sample values that may be predictively coded, sub-divisions thereof, and/or corresponding structures. Further, the term current video block may refer to an area of a picture being encoded or decoded. A video block may be defined as an array of sample values. It should be noted that in some cases pixel values may be described as including sample values for respective components of video data, which may also be referred to as color components, (e.g., luma (Y) and chroma (Cb and Cr) components or red, green, and blue components). It should be noted that in some cases, the terms pixel value and sample value are used interchangeably. Further, in some cases, a pixel or sample may be referred to as a pel. A video sampling format, which may also be referred to as a chroma format, may define the number of chroma samples included in a video block with respect to the number of luma samples included in a video block. For example, for the 4:2:0 sampling format, the sampling rate for the luma component is twice that of the chroma components for both the horizontal and vertical directions.

A video encoder may perform predictive encoding on video blocks and sub-divisions thereof. Video blocks and sub-divisions thereof may be referred to as nodes. ITU-T H.264 specifies a macroblock including 16×16 luma samples. That is, in ITU-T H.264, a picture is segmented into macroblocks. ITU-T H.265 specifies an analogous Coding Tree Unit (CTU) structure (which may be referred to as a largest coding unit (LCU)). In ITU-T H.265, pictures are segmented into CTUs. In ITU-T H.265, for a picture, a CTU size may be set as including 16×16, 32×32, or 64×64 luma samples. In ITU-T H.265, a CTU is composed of respective Coding Tree Blocks (CTB) for each component of video data (e.g., luma (Y) and chroma (Cb and Cr). It should be noted that video having one luma component and the two corresponding chroma components may be described as having two channels, i.e., a luma channel and a chroma channel. Further, in ITU-T H.265, a CTU may be partitioned according to a quadtree (QT) partitioning structure, which results in the CTBs of the CTU being partitioned into Coding Blocks (CB). That is, in ITU-T H.265, a CTU may be partitioned into quadtree leaf nodes. According to ITU-T H.265, one luma CB together with two corresponding chroma CBs and associated syntax elements are referred to as a coding unit (CU). In ITU-T H.265, a minimum allowed size of a CB may be signaled. In ITU-T H.265, the smallest minimum allowed size of a luma CB is 8×8 luma samples. In ITU-T H.265, the decision to code a picture area using intra prediction or inter prediction is made at the CU level.

In ITU-T H.265, a CU is associated with a prediction unit structure having its root at the CU. In ITU-T H.265, prediction unit structures allow luma and chroma CBs to be split for purposes of generating corresponding reference samples. That is, in ITU-T H.265, luma and chroma CBs may be split into respective luma and chroma prediction blocks (PBs), where a PB includes a block of sample values for which the same prediction is applied. In ITU-T H.265, a CB may be partitioned into 1, 2, or 4 PBs. ITU-T H.265 supports PB sizes from 64×64 samples down to 4×4 samples. In ITU-T H.265, square PBs are supported for intra prediction, where a CB may form the PB or the CB may be split into four square PBs. In ITU-T H.265, in addition to the square PBs, rectangular PBs are supported for inter prediction, where a CB may be halved vertically or horizontally to form PBs. Further, it should be noted that in ITU-T H.265, for inter prediction, four asymmetric PB partitions are supported, where the CB is partitioned into two PBs at one quarter of the height (at the top or the bottom) or width (at the left or the right) of the CB. Intra prediction data (e.g., intra prediction mode syntax elements) or inter prediction data (e.g., motion data syntax elements) corresponding to a PB is used to produce reference and/or predicted sample values for the PB.

JEM specifies a CTU having a maximum size of 256×256 luma samples. JEM specifies a quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) block structure. In JEM, the QTBT structure enables quadtree leaf nodes to be further partitioned by a binary tree (BT) structure. That is, in JEM, the binary tree structure enables quadtree leaf nodes to be recursively divided vertically or horizontally. In JVET-P2001, CTUs are partitioned according a quadtree plus multi-type tree (QTMT or QT+MTT) structure. The QTMT in JVET-P2001 is similar to the QTBT in JEM. However, in JVET-P2001, in addition to indicating binary splits, the multi-type tree may indicate so-called ternary (or triple tree (TT)) splits. A ternary split divides a block vertically or horizontally into three blocks. In the case of a vertical TT split, a block is divided at one quarter of its width from the left edge and at one quarter its width from the right edge and in the case of a horizontal TT split a block is at one quarter of its height from the top edge and at one quarter of its height from the bottom edge.

As described above, each video frame or picture may be divided into one or more regions. For example, according to ITU-T H.265, each video frame or picture may be partitioned to include one or more slices and further partitioned to include one or more tiles, where each slice includes a sequence of CTUs (e.g., in raster scan order) and where a tile is a sequence of CTUs corresponding to a rectangular area of a picture. It should be noted that a slice, in ITU-T H.265, is a sequence of one or more slice segments starting with an independent slice segment and containing all subsequent dependent slice segments (if any) that precede the next independent slice segment (if any). A slice segment, like a slice, is a sequence of CTUs. Thus, in some cases, the terms slice and slice segment may be used interchangeably to indicate a sequence of CTUs arranged in a raster scan order. Further, it should be noted that in ITU-T H.265, a tile may consist of CTUs contained in more than one slice and a slice may consist of CTUs contained in more than one tile. However, ITU-T H.265 provides that one or both of the following conditions shall be fulfilled: (1) All CTUs in a slice belong to the same tile; and (2) All CTUs in a tile belong to the same slice.

With respect to JVET-P2001, slices are required to consist of an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of consecutive complete CTU rows within a tile, instead of only being required to consist of an integer number of CTUs. It should be noted that in JVET-P2001, the slice design does not include slice segments (i.e., no independent/dependent slice segments). Thus, in JVET-P2001, a picture may include a single tile, where the single tile is contained within a single slice or a picture may include multiple tiles where the multiple tiles (or CTU rows thereof) may be contained within one or more slices. In JVET-P2001, the partitioning of a picture into tiles is specified by specifying respective heights for tile rows and respective widths for tile columns. Thus, in JVET-P2001 a tile is a rectangular region of CTUs within a particular tile row and a particular tile column position. Further, it should be noted that JVET-P2001 provides where a picture may be partitioned into subpictures, where a subpicture is a rectangular region of a CTUs within a picture. The top-left CTU of a subpicture may be located at any CTU position within a picture with subpictures being constrained to include one or more slices Thus, unlike a tile, a subpicture is not necessarily limited to a particular row and column position. It should be noted that subpictures may be useful for encapsulating regions of interest within a picture and a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used to only decode and display a particular region of interest. That is, as described in further detail below, a bitstream of coded video data includes a sequence of network abstraction layer (NAL) units, where a NAL unit encapsulates coded video data, (i.e., video data corresponding to a slice of picture) or a NAL unit encapsulates metadata used for decoding video data (e.g., a parameter set) and a sub-bitstream extraction process forms a new bitstream by removing one or more NAL units from a bitstream.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a picture within a group of pictures partitioned according to tiles, slices, and subpictures. It should be noted that the techniques described herein may be applicable to tiles, slices, subpictures, subdivisions thereof and/or equivalent structures thereto. That is, the techniques described herein may be generally applicable regardless of how a picture is partitioned into regions. For example, in some cases, the techniques described herein may be applicable in cases where a tile may be partitioned into so-called bricks, where a brick is a rectangular region of CTU rows within a particular tile. Further, for example, in some cases, the techniques described herein may be applicable in cases where one or more tiles may be included in so-called tile groups, where a tile group includes an integer number of adjacent tiles. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2 , Pic₃ is illustrated as including 16 tiles (i.e., Tile₀ to Tile₁₅) and three slices (i.e., Slice₀ to Slice₂). In the example illustrated in FIG. 2 , Slice₀ includes four tiles (i.e., Tile₀ to Tile₃), Slice₁ includes eight tiles (i.e., Tile₄ to Tile₁₁), and Slice₂ includes four tiles (i.e., Tile₁₂ to Tile₁₅). Further, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 2 , Pic₃ is illustrated as including two subpictures (i.e., Subpicture₀ and Subpicture₁), where Subpicture₀ includes Slice₀ and Slice₁ and where Subpicture₁ includes Slice₂. As described above, subpictures may be useful for encapsulating regions of interest within a picture and a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used in order to selectively decode (and display) a region interest. For example, referring to FIG. 2 , Subpicture₀ may corresponding to an action portion of a sporting event presentation (e.g., a view of the field) and Subpicture₁ may corresponding to a scrolling banner displayed during the sporting event presentation. By using organizing a picture into subpictures in this manner, a viewer may be able to disable the display of the scrolling banner. That is, through a sub-bitstream extraction process Slice₂ NAL unit may be removed from a bitstream (and thus not decoded and/or displayed) and Slice₀ NAL unit and Slice₁ NAL unit may be decoded and displayed. The encapsulation of slices of a picture into respective NAL unit data structures and sub-bitstream extraction are described in further detail below.

For intra prediction coding, an intra prediction mode may specify the location of reference samples within a picture. In ITU-T H.265, defined possible intra prediction modes include a planar (i.e., surface fitting) prediction mode, a DC (i.e., flat overall averaging) prediction mode, and 33 angular prediction modes (predMode: 2-34). In JEM, defined possible intra-prediction modes include a planar prediction mode, a DC prediction mode, and 65 angular prediction modes. It should be noted that planar and DC prediction modes may be referred to as non-directional prediction modes and that angular prediction modes may be referred to as directional prediction modes. It should be noted that the techniques described herein may be generally applicable regardless of the number of defined possible prediction modes.

For inter prediction coding, a reference picture is determined and a motion vector (MV) identifies samples in the reference picture that are used to generate a prediction for a current video block. For example, a current video block may be predicted using reference sample values located in one or more previously coded picture(s) and a motion vector is used to indicate the location of the reference block relative to the current video block. A motion vector may describe, for example, a horizontal displacement component of the motion vector (i.e., MV_(x)), a vertical displacement component of the motion vector (i.e., MV_(y)), and a resolution for the motion vector (e.g., one-quarter pixel precision, one-half pixel precision, one-pixel precision, two-pixel precision, four-pixel precision). Previously decoded pictures, which may include pictures output before or after a current picture, may be organized into one or more to reference pictures lists and identified using a reference picture index value. Further, in inter prediction coding, uni-prediction refers to generating a prediction using sample values from a single reference picture and bi-prediction refers to generating a prediction using respective sample values from two reference pictures. That is, in uni-prediction, a single reference picture and corresponding motion vector are used to generate a prediction for a current video block and in bi-prediction, a first reference picture and corresponding first motion vector and a second reference picture and corresponding second motion vector are used to generate a prediction for a current video block. In bi-prediction, respective sample values are combined (e.g., added, rounded, and clipped, or averaged according to weights) to generate a prediction. Pictures and regions thereof may be classified based on which types of prediction modes may be utilized for encoding video blocks thereof. That is, for regions having a B type (e.g., a B slice), bi-prediction, uni-prediction, and intra prediction modes may be utilized, for regions having a P type (e.g., a P slice), uni-prediction, and intra prediction modes may be utilized, and for regions having an I type (e.g., an I slice), only intra prediction modes may be utilized. As described above, reference pictures are identified through reference indices. For example, for a P slice, there may be a single reference picture list, RefPicList0 and for a B slice, there may be a second independent reference picture list, RefPicList1, in addition to RefPicList0. It should be noted that for uni-prediction in a B slice, one of RefPicList0 or RefPicList1 may be used to generate a prediction. Further, it should be noted that during the decoding process, at the onset of decoding a picture, reference picture list(s) are generated from previously decoded pictures stored in a decoded picture buffer (DPB).

Further, a coding standard may support various modes of motion vector prediction. Motion vector prediction enables the value of a motion vector for a current video block to be derived based on another motion vector. For example, a set of candidate blocks having associated motion information may be derived from spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks to the current video block. Further, generated (or default) motion information may be used for motion vector prediction. Examples of motion vector prediction include advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP), temporal motion vector prediction (TMVP), so-called “merge” mode, and “skip” and “direct” motion inference. Further, other examples of motion vector prediction include advanced temporal motion vector prediction (ATMVP) and Spatial-temporal motion vector prediction (STMVP). For motion vector prediction, both a video encoder and video decoder perform the same process to derive a set of candidates. Thus, for a current video block, the same set of candidates is generated during encoding and decoding.

As described above, for inter prediction coding, reference samples in a previously coded picture are used for coding video blocks in a current picture. Previously coded pictures which are available for use as reference when coding a current picture are referred as reference pictures. It should be noted that the decoding order does not necessary correspond with the picture output order, i.e., the temporal order of pictures in a video sequence. In ITU-T H.265, when a picture is decoded it is stored to a decoded picture buffer (DPB) (which may be referred to as frame buffer, a reference buffer, a reference picture buffer, or the like). In ITU-T H.265, pictures stored to the DPB are removed from the DPB when they been output and are no longer needed for coding subsequent pictures. In ITU-T H.265, a determination of whether pictures should be removed from the DPB is invoked once per picture, after decoding a slice header, i.e., at the onset of decoding a picture. For example, referring to FIG. 2 , Pic₂ is illustrated as referencing Pic₁. Similarly, Pic₃ is illustrated as referencing Pic₀. With respect to FIG. 2 , assuming the picture number corresponds to the decoding order, the DPB would be populated as follows: after decoding Pic₀, the DPB would include {Pic₀}; at the onset of decoding Pic₁, the DPB would include {Pic₀}; after decoding Pic₁, the DPB would include {Pic₀, Pic₁}; at the onset of decoding Pic₂, the DPB would include {Pic₀, Pic₁}. Pic₂ would then be decoded with reference to Pic₁ and after decoding Pic₂, the DPB would include {Pic₀, Pic₁, Pic₂}. At the onset of decoding Pic₃, pictures Pic₀ and Pic₁ would be marked for removal from the DPB, as they are not needed for decoding Pic₃ (or any subsequent pictures, not shown) and assuming Pic₁ and Pic₂ have been output, the DPB would be updated to include {Pic₀}. Pic₃ would then be decoded by referencing Pic₀. The process of marking pictures for removal from a DPB may be referred to as reference picture set (RPS) management.

As described above, intra prediction data or inter prediction data is used to produce reference sample values for a block of sample values. The difference between sample values included in a current PB, or another type of picture area structure, and associated reference samples (e.g., those generated using a prediction) may be referred to as residual data. Residual data may include respective arrays of difference values corresponding to each component of video data. Residual data may be in the pixel domain. A transform, such as, a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a discrete sine transform (DST), an integer transform, a wavelet transform, or a conceptually similar transform, may be applied to an array of difference values to generate transform coefficients. It should be noted that in ITU-T H.265 and JVET-P2001, a CU is associated with a transform tree structure having its root at the CU level. The transform tree is partitioned into one or more transform units (TUs). That is, an array of difference values may be partitioned for purposes of generating transform coefficients (e.g., four 8×8 transforms may be applied to a 16×16 array of residual values). For each component of video data, such sub-divisions of difference values may be referred to as Transform Blocks (TBs). It should be noted that in some cases, a core transform and a subsequent secondary transforms may be applied (in the video encoder) to generate transform coefficients. For a video decoder, the order of transforms is reversed.

A quantization process may be performed on transform coefficients or residual sample values directly (e.g., in the case, of palette coding quantization). Quantization approximates transform coefficients by amplitudes restricted to a set of specified values. Quantization essentially scales transform coefficients in order to vary the amount of data required to represent a group of transform coefficients. Quantization may include division of transform coefficients (or values resulting from the addition of an offset value to transform coefficients) by a quantization scaling factor and any associated rounding functions (e.g., rounding to the nearest integer). Quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as coefficient level values. Inverse quantization (or “dequantization”) may include multiplication of coefficient level values by the quantization scaling factor, and any reciprocal rounding or offset addition operations. It should be noted that as used herein the term quantization process in some instances may refer to division by a scaling factor to generate level values and multiplication by a scaling factor to recover transform coefficients in some instances. That is, a quantization process may refer to quantization in some cases and inverse quantization in some cases. Further, it should be noted that although in some of the examples below quantization processes are described with respect to arithmetic operations associated with decimal notation, such descriptions are for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting. For example, the techniques described herein may be implemented in a device using binary operations and the like. For example, multiplication and division operations described herein may be implemented using bit shifting operations and the like.

Quantized transform coefficients and syntax elements (e.g., syntax elements indicating a coding structure for a video block) may be entropy coded according to an entropy coding technique. An entropy coding process includes coding values of syntax elements using lossless data compression algorithms. Examples of entropy coding techniques include content adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), context adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC), probability interval partitioning entropy coding (PIPE), and the like. Entropy encoded quantized transform coefficients and corresponding entropy encoded syntax elements may form a compliant bitstream that can be used to reproduce video data at a video decoder. An entropy coding process, for example, CABAC, may include performing a binarization on syntax elements. Binarization refers to the process of converting a value of a syntax element into a series of one or more bits. These bits may be referred to as “bins.” Binarization may include one or a combination of the following coding techniques: fixed length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, truncated Rice coding, Golomb coding, k-th order exponential Golomb coding, and Golomb-Rice coding. For example, binarization may include representing the integer value of 5 for a syntax element as 00000101 using an 8-bit fixed length binarization technique or representing the integer value of 5 as 11110 using a unary coding binarization technique. As used herein each of the terms fixed length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, truncated Rice coding, Golomb coding, k-th order exponential Golomb coding, and Golomb-Rice coding may refer to general implementations of these techniques and/or more specific implementations of these coding techniques. For example, a Golomb-Rice coding implementation may be specifically defined according to a video coding standard. In the example of CABAC, for a particular bin, a context provides a most probable state (MPS) value for the bin (i.e., an MPS for a bin is one of 0 or 1) and a probability value of the bin being the MPS or the least probably state (LPS). For example, a context may indicate, that the MPS of a bin is 0 and the probability of the bin being 1 is 0.3. It should be noted that a context may be determined based on values of previously coded bins including bins in the current syntax element and previously coded syntax elements. For example, values of syntax elements associated with neighboring video blocks may be used to determine a context for a current bin.

-   -   With respect to the equations used herein, the following         arithmetic operators may be used:     -   + Addition     -   − Subtraction     -   * Multiplication, including matrix multiplication     -   x^(y) Exponentiation. Specifies x to the power of y. In other         contexts, such notation is used for superscripting not intended         for interpretation as exponentiation.     -   / Integer division with truncation of the result toward zero.         For example, 7/4 and −7/−4 are truncated to 1 and −7/4 and 7/−4         are truncated to −1.     -   ÷ Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no         truncation or rounding is intended.

$\frac{x}{y}$

-   -    Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no         truncation or rounding is intended.     -   Further, the following mathematical functions may be used:         -   Log2(x) the base-2 logarithm of x;

${{Min}\left( {x,y} \right)} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} x & ; & {x<=y} \\ y & ; & {x > y} \end{matrix};} \right.$ ${{Max}\left( {x,y} \right)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} x & ; & {x>=y} \\ y & ; & {x < y} \end{matrix} \right.$

-   -   -   Ceil(x) the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

    -   With respect to the example syntax used herein, the following         definitions of logical operators may be applied:         -   x && y Boolean logical “and” of x and y         -   x∥y Boolean logical “or” of x and y         -   ! Boolean logical “not”         -   x?y:z If x is TRUE or not equal to 0, evaluates to the value             of y; otherwise, evaluates to the value of z.

    -   Further, the following relational operators may be applied:         -   > Greater than         -   >= Greater than or equal to         -   <Less than         -   <= Less than or equal to         -   == Equal to         -   != Not equal to

    -   Further, it should be noted that in the syntax descriptors used         herein, the following descriptors may be applied:         -   b(8): byte having any pattern of bit string (8 bits). The             parsing process for this descriptor is specified by the             return value of the function read_bits(8).         -   f(n): fixed-pattern bit string using n bits written (from             left to right) with the left bit first. The parsing process             for this descriptor is specified by the return value of the             function read_bits(n).         -   se(v): signed integer 0-th order Exp-Golomb-coded syntax             element with the left bit first.         -   b(v): truncated binary using up to maxVal bits with maxVal             defined in the semantics of the syntax element.         -   tu(v): truncated unary using up to maxVal bits with maxVal             defined in the semantics of the syntax element.         -   u(n): unsigned integer using n bits. When n is “v” in the             syntax table, the number of bits varies in a manner             dependent on the value of other syntax elements. The parsing             process for this descriptor is specified by the return value             of the function read_bits(n) interpreted as a binary             representation of an unsigned integer with most significant             bit written first.         -   ue(v): unsigned integer 0-th order Exp-Golomb-coded syntax             element with the left bit first.             As described above, video content includes video sequences             comprised of a series of pictures and each picture may be             divided into one or more regions. In JVET-P2001, a coded             representation of a picture is referred to as a coded             picture and all CTUs of the coded picture are encapsulated             in one or more coded slice NAL units. That is, one or more             corresponding coded slice NAL units encapsulate a coded             representation of a picture. For example, referring again to             FIG. 2 , the coded representation of Pic_(a) is encapsulated             in three coded slice NAL units (i.e., Slice® NAL unit,             Slice₁ NAL unit, and Slice₂ NAL unit). It should be noted             that the term video coding layer (VCL) NAL unit is used as a             collective term for coded slice NAL units, i.e., VCL NAL is             a collective term which includes all types of slice NAL             units. As described above, and in further detail below, a             NAL unit may encapsulate metadata used for decoding video             data. A NAL unit encapsulating metadata used for decoding a             video sequence is generally referred to as a non-VCL NAL             unit. Thus, in JVET-P2001, a NAL unit may be a VCL NAL unit             or a non-VCL NAL unit. It should be noted that a VCL NAL             unit includes slice header data, which provides information             used for decoding the particular slice. Thus, in JVET-P2001,             information used for decoding video data, which may be             referred to as metadata in some cases, is not limited to             being included in non-VCL NAL units. JVET-P2001 provides             where a picture unit (PU) is a set of NAL units that contain             all VCL NAL units of a coded picture and their associated             non-VCL NAL units and where an access unit (AU) is a set of             NAL units that are associated with each other according to a             specified classification rule, are consecutive in decoding             order, and contain exactly one coded picture for each             present picture unit. A PU consists of one picture header             NAL unit, one coded picture, which comprises of one or more             VCL NAL units, and zero or more non-VCL NAL units. Thus, in             JVET-P2001 an access unit includes one or more coded             pictures. In some cases, an access unit may include pictures             included in different layers of video. Layers of video are             described in further detail below. Further, in JVET-P2001, a             coded video sequence (CVS) is a sequence of AUs that             consists, in decoding order, of a CVSS AU, followed by zero             or more AUs that are not CVSS AUs, including all subsequent             AUs up to but not including any subsequent AU that is a CVSS             AU, where a coded video sequence start (CVSS) AU is an AU in             which there is a picture unit for each layer in the CVS and             the coded picture in each present picture unit is a coded             layer video sequence start (CLVSS) picture. In JVET-P2001, a             coded layer video sequence (CLVS) is a sequence of PUs             within the same layer that consists, in decoding order, of a             CLVSS PU, followed by zero or more PUs that are not CLVSS             PUs, including all subsequent PUs up to but not including             any subsequent PU that is a CLVSS PU. This is, in             JVET-P2001, a bitstream may be described as including a             sequence of NAL units forming a CVS, where a CVS includes             AUs and each AU may include respective pictures for each of             a plurality of layers for coded video.

Multi-layer video coding enables a video presentation to be decoded/displayed as a presentation corresponding to a base layer of video data and decoded/displayed one or more additional presentations corresponding to enhancement layers of video data. For example, a base layer may enable a video presentation having a basic level of quality (e.g., a High Definition rendering and/or a 30 Hz frame rate) to be presented and an enhancement layer may enable a video presentation having an enhanced level of quality (e.g., an Ultra High Definition rendering and/or a 60 Hz frame rate) to be presented. An enhancement layer may be coded by referencing a base layer. That is, for example, a picture in an enhancement layer may be coded (e.g., using inter-layer prediction techniques) by referencing one or more pictures (including scaled versions thereof) in a base layer. It should be noted that layers may also be coded independent of each other. In this case, there may not be inter-layer prediction between two layers. Each NAL unit may include an identifier indicating a layer of video data the NAL unit is associated with. As described above, a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used to only decode and display a particular region of interest of a picture. Further, a sub-bitstream extraction process may be used to only decode and display a particular layer of video. Sub-bitstream extraction may refer to a process where a device receiving a compliant or conforming bitstream forms a new compliant or conforming bitstream by discarding and/or modifying data in the received bitstream. For example, sub-bitstream extraction may be used to form a new compliant or conforming bitstream corresponding to a particular representation of video (e.g., a high quality representation).

In JVET-P2001, each of a video sequence, a GOP, a picture, a slice, and CTU may be associated with metadata that describes video coding properties and some types of metadata an encapsulated in non-VCL NAL units. JVET-P2001 defines parameters sets that may be used to describe video data and/or video coding properties. In particular, JVET-P2001 includes the following five types of parameter sets: decoding parameter set (DPS), video parameter set (VPS), sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), and adaption parameter set (APS), where a SPS applies to apply to zero or more entire CVSs, a PPS applies to zero or more entire coded pictures, a APS applies to zero or more slices, and a DPS and a VPS may be optionally referenced by a SPS. A PPS applies to an individual coded picture that refers to it. In JVET-P2001, parameter sets may be encapsulated as a non-VCL NAL unit and/or may be signaled as a message. JVET-P2001 also includes a picture header (PH) which is encapsulated as a non-VCL NAL unit. In JVET-P2001, a picture header applies to all slices of a coded picture. JVET-P2001 further enables supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages to be signaled. In JVET-P2001, SEI messages assist in processes related to decoding, display or other purposes, however, SEI messages may not be required for constructing the luma or chroma samples according to a decoding process. In JVET-P2001, SEI messages may be signaled in a bitstream using non-VCL NAL units. Further, SEI messages may be conveyed by some mechanism other than by being present in the bitstream (i.e., signaled out-of-band).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a bitstream including multiple CVSs, where a CVS includes AUs, and AUs include picture units. The example illustrated in FIG. 3 corresponds to an example of encapsulating the slice NAL units illustrated in the example of FIG. 2 in a bitstream. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3 , the corresponding picture unit for Pic₃ includes the three VCL NAL coded slice NAL units, i.e., Slice₀ NAL unit, Slice₁ NAL unit, and Slice₂ NAL unit and two non-VCL NAL units, i.e., a PPS NAL Unit and a PH NAL unit. It should be noted that in FIG. 3 , HEADER is a NAL unit header (i.e., not to be confused with a slice header). Further, it should be noted that in FIG. 3 , other non-VCL NAL units, which are not illustrated may be included in the CVSs, e.g., SPS NAL units, VPS NAL units, SEI message NAL units, etc. Further, it should be noted that in other examples, a PPS NAL Unit used for decoding Pic₃ may be included elsewhere in the bitstream, e.g., in the picture unit corresponding to Pic₀ or may be provided by an external mechanism. However, it should be noted that in JVET-P2001, the picture header for each picture is required to be in the picture unit corresponding to the picture.

-   -   JVET-P2001 defines NAL unit header semantics that specify the         type of Raw Byte Sequence Payload (RBSP) data structure included         in the NAL unit. Table 1 illustrates the syntax of the NAL unit         header provided in JVET-P2001.

TABLE 1 Descriptor nal_unit_header( ) {  forbidden_zero_bit f (1)  nuh_reserved_zero_bit u (1)  nuh_layer_id u (6)  nal_unit_type u (5)  nuh_temporal_id_plus1 u (3) }

-   -   NET-P2001 provides the following definitions for the respective         syntax elements illustrated in Table 1.     -   forbidden_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.     -   nuh_reserved_zero_bit shall be equal to ‘0’. The value 1 of         nuh_reserved_zero_bit may be specified in the future by         ITU-T|ISO/IEC. Decoders shall ignore (i.e. remove from the         bitstream and discard) NAL units with nuh_reserved_zero_bit         equal to ‘1’.     -   nuh_layer_id specifies the identifier of the layer to which a         VCL NAL unit belongs or the identifier of a layer to which a         non-VCL NAL unit applies. The value of nuh_layer_id shall be in         the range of 0 to 55, inclusive. Other values for nuh_layer_id         are reserved for future use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC.     -   The value of nuh_layer_id shall be the same for all VCL NAL         units of a coded picture. The value of nuh_layer_id of a coded         picture or a PU is the value of the nuh_layer_id of the VCL NAL         units of the coded picture or the PU.     -   The value of nuh_layer_id for non-VCL NAL units is constrained         as follows:         -   If nal_unit_type is equal to PPS_NUT, PREFIX_APS_NUT, or             SUFFIX_APS_NUT, nuh_layer_id shall be equal to the lowest             nuh_layer_id value of the coded slice NAL units that refer             to the NAL unit.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to SPS_NUT,             nuh_layer_id shall be equal to the lowest nuh_layer_id value             of the PPS NAL units that refer to the SPS NAL unit.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to AUD_NUT,             nuh_layer_id shall be equal to vps_layer_id[0].         -   Otherwise, when nal_unit_type is equal to PH_NUT, EOS_NUT,             or FD_NUT, nuh_layer_id shall be equal to the nuh_layer_id             of associated VCL NAL unit.     -   NOTE—The value of nuh_layer_id of DPS, VPS, and EOB NAL units is         not constrained.     -   The value of nal_unit_type shall be the same for all pictures of         a CVSS AU.     -   nuh_temporal_id_plus1 minus 1 specifies a temporal identifier         for the NAL unit.     -   The value of nuh_temporal_id_plus1 shall not be equal to 0.     -   The variable TemporalId is derived as follows:

TemporalId=nuh_temporal_id_plus1−1

-   -   When nal_unit_type is in the range of IDR_W_RADL to RSV_IRAP_12,         inclusive, TemporalId shall be equal to 0.     -   When nal_unit_type is equal to STSA_NUT, TemporalId shall not be         equal to 0. The value of TemporalId shall be the same for all         VCL NAL units of an AU. The value of TemporalId of a coded         picture, a PU, or an AU is the value of the TemporalId of the         VCL NAL units of the coded picture, PU, or AU. The value of         TemporalId of a sublayer representation is the greatest value of         TemporalId of all VCL NAL units in the sublayer representation.     -   The value of TemporalId for non-VCL NAL units is constrained as         follows:         -   If nal_unit_type is equal to DPS_NUT, VPS_NUT, or SPS_NUT,             TemporalId shall be equal to 0 and the TemporalId of the AU             containing the NAL unit shall be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to PH_NUT, TemporalId             shall be equal to the TemporalId of the PU containing the             NAL unit.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to EOS_NUT or EOB_NUT,             TemporalId shall be equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, if nal_unit_type is equal to AUD_NUT, FD_NUT,             PREFIX_SEI_NUT, or SUFFIX_SEI_NUT, TemporalId shall be equal             to the TemporalId of the AU containing the NAL unit.         -   Otherwise, when nal_unit_type is equal to PPS_NUT,             PREFIX_APS_NUT, or SUFFIX_APS_NUT, TemporalId shall be             greater than or equal to the TemporalId of the PU containing             the NAL unit.     -   NOTE—When the NAL unit is a non-VCL NAL unit, the value of         TemporalId is equal to the minimum value of the TemporalId         values of all AUs to which the non-VCL NAL unit applies. When         nal_unit_type is equal to PPS_NUT, PREFIX_APS_NUT, or         SUFFIX_APS_NUT, TemporalId may be greater than or equal to the         TemporalId of the containing AU, as all PPSs and APSs may be         included in the beginning of the bitstream (e.g., when they are         transported out-of-band, and the receiver places them at the         beginning of the bitstream), wherein the first coded picture has         TemporalId equal to 0.     -   nal_unit_type specifies the NAL unit type, i.e., the type of         RBSP data structure contained in the NAL unit as specified in         Table 2.     -   NAL units that have nal_unit_type in the range of UNSPEC28 . . .         UNSPEC31, inclusive, for which semantics are not specified,         shall not affect the decoding process specified in this         Specification.     -   NOTE—NAL unit types in the range of UNSPEC_28 . . . UNSPEC_31         may be used as determined by the application. No decoding         process for these values of nal_unit_type is specified in this         Specification. Since different applications might use these NAL         unit types for different purposes, particular care must be         exercised in the design of encoders that generate NAL units with         these nal_unit_type values, and in the design of decoders that         interpret the content of NAL units with these nal_unit_type         values. This Specification does not define any management for         these values. These nal_unit_type values might only be suitable         for use in contexts in which “collisions” of usage (i.e.,         different definitions of the meaning of the NAL unit content for         the same nal_unit_type value) are unimportant, or not possible,         or are managed—e.g., defined or managed in the controlling         application or transport specification, or by controlling the         environment in which bitstreams are distributed.     -   For purposes other than determining the amount of data in the         decoding units of the bitstream, decoders shall ignore (remove         from the bitstream and discard) the contents of all NAL units         that use reserved values of nal_unit_type.     -   NOTE—This requirement allows future definition of compatible         extensions to this Specification.

TABLE 2 Name of Content of NAL unit and NAL unit nal_unit_type nal_unit_type RBSP syntax structure type class  0 TRAIL_NUT Coded slice of a trailing picture VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  1 STSA_NUT Coded slice of an STSA picture VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  2 RADL_NUT Coded slice of a RADL picture VCL slice_layer_rbsp( )  3 RASL_NUT Coded slice of a RASL picture VCL slice_layer_rbsp( ) 4..6 RSV_VCL_4.. Reserved non-IRAP VCL RSV_VCL_6  VCL NAL unit types  7 IDR_W_RADL Coded slice of an IDR picture VCL  8 IDR_N_LP slice_layer_rbsp( )  9 CRA_NUT Coded slice of a CRA picture VCL silce_layer_rbsp( ) 10 GDR_NUT Coded slice of a GDR picture VCL slice_layer_rbsp( ) 11 RSV_IRAP_11 Reserved IRAP VCL VCL 12 RSV_IRAP_12 NAL unit types 13 DPS_NUT Decoding parameter set non-VCL decoding_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 14 VPS_NUT Video parameter set non-VCL video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 15 SPS_NUT Sequence parameter set non-VCL seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 16 PPS_NUT Picture parameter set non-VCL pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 17 PREFIX_APS_NUT Adaptation parameter set non-VCL 18 SUFFIX_APS_NUT adaptation_parameter_set_rbsp( ) 19 PH_NUT Picture header non-VCL picture_header_rbsp( ) 20 AUD_NUT AU delimiter non-VCL access_unit_delimiter_rbsp( ) 21 EOS_NUT End of sequence non-VCL end_of_seq_rbsp( ) 22 EOB_NUT End of bitstream non-VCL end_of_bitstream_rbsp( ) 23 PREFIX_SEI_NUT Supplemental enhancement non-VCL 24 SUFFIX_SEI_NUT information sei_rbsp( ) 25 FD_NUT Filler data non-VCL filler_data_rbsp( ) 26 RSV_NVCL_26 Reserved non-VCL non-VCL 27 RSV_NVCL_27 NAL unit types 28..31 UNSPEC_28.. Unspecified non-VCL non-VCL UNSPEC_31  NAL unit types

-   -   NOTE—A clean random access (CRA) picture may have associated         RASL or RADL pictures present in the bitstream.     -   NOTE—An instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) picture having         nal_unit_type equal to     -   IDR_N_LP does not have associated leading pictures present in         the bitstream. An IDR picture having nal_unit_type equal to         IDR_W_RADL does not have associated RASL pictures present in the         bitstream, but may have associated RADL pictures in the         bitstream.     -   For VCL NAL units of any particular picture, the following         applies:         -   If mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag is equal to 0, the value of             nal_unit_type shall be the same for all coded slice NAL             units of a picture. A picture or a PU is referred to as             having the same NAL unit type as the coded slice NAL units             of the picture or PU.         -   Otherwise (mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag equal to 1), one or             more of the VCL NAL units shall all have a particular value             of nal_unit_type in the range of IDR_W_RADL to CRA_NUT,             inclusive, and the other VCL NAL units shall all have a             particular value of nal_unit_type in the range of TRAIL_NUT             to RSV_VCL_6, inclusive, or equal to GRA_NUT.     -   For a single-layer bitstream, the following constraints apply:         -   Each picture, other than the first picture in the bitstream             in decoding order, is considered to be associated with the             previous TRAP picture in decoding order.         -   When a picture is a leading picture of an IRAP picture, it             shall be a RADL or RASL picture.         -   When a picture is a trailing picture of an IRAP picture, it             shall not be a RADL or RASL picture.         -   No RASL pictures shall be present in the bitstream that are             associated with an IDR picture.         -   No RADL pictures shall be present in the bitstream that are             associated with an IDR picture having nal_unit_type equal to             IDR_N_LP.         -   NOTE—It is possible to perform random access at the position             of an TRAP PU by discarding all PUs before the TRAP PU (and             to correctly decode the TRAP picture and all the subsequent             non-RASL pictures in decoding order), provided each             parameter set is available (either in the bitstream or by             external means not specified in this Specification) when it             is referenced.         -   Any picture that precedes an IRAP picture in decoding order             shall precede the IRAP picture in output order and shall             precede any RADL picture associated with the TRAP picture in             output order.         -   Any RASL picture associated with a CRA picture shall precede             any RADL picture associated with the CRA picture in output             order.         -   Any RASL picture associated with a CRA picture shall follow,             in output order, any IRAP picture that precedes the CRA             picture in decoding order.         -   If field_seq_flag is equal to 0 and the current picture is a             leading picture associated with an TRAP picture, it shall             precede, in decoding order, all non-leading pictures that             are associated with the same TRAP picture. Otherwise, let             picA and picB be the first and the last leading pictures, in             decoding order, associated with an IRAP picture,             respectively, there shall be at most one non-leading picture             preceding picA in decoding order, and there shall be no             non-leading picture between picA and picB in decoding order.             It should be noted that generally, an Intra Random Access             Point (IRAP) picture is a picture that does not refer to any             pictures other than itself for prediction in its decoding             process. In JVET-P2001, an IRAP picture may be a clean             random access (CRA) picture or an instantaneous decoder             refresh (IDR) picture. In JVET-P2001, the first picture in             the bitstream in decoding order must be an IRAP or a gradual             decoding refresh (GDR) picture. JVET-P2001 describes the             concept of a leading picture, which is a picture that             precedes the associated IRAP picture in output order.             JVET-P2001 further describes the concept of a trailing             picture which is a non-IRAP picture that follows the             associated IRAP picture in output order. Trailing pictures             associated with an IRAP picture also follow the IRAP picture             in decoding order. For IDR pictures, there are no trailing             pictures that require reference to a picture decoded prior             to the IDR picture. JVET-P2001 provides where a CRA picture             may have leading pictures that follow the CRA picture in             decoding order and contain inter picture prediction             references to pictures decoded prior to the CRA picture.             Thus, when the CRA picture is used as a random access point             these leading pictures may not be decodable and are             identified as random access skipped leading (RASL) pictures.             The other type of picture that can follow an IRAP picture in             decoding order and precede it in output order is the random             access decodable leading (RADL) picture, which cannot             contain references to any pictures that precede the IRAP             picture in decoding order. A GDR picture, is a picture for             which each VCL NAL unit has nal_unit_type equal to GDR_NUT.             If the current picture is a GDR picture that is associated             with a picture header which signals a syntax element             receovery_poc_cnt and there is a picture picA that follows             the current GDR picture in decoding order in the CLVS and             that has PicOrderCntVal equal to the PicOrderCntVal of the             current GDR picture plus the value of recovery_poc_cnt, the             picture picA is referred to as the recovery point picture.

As provided in Table 2, a NAL unit may include a video parameter set syntax structure. Table 3 illustrates the syntax structure of the VPS provided in JVET-P2001.

TABLE 3 Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id  u (4)  vps_max_layers_minus1  u (6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1  u (3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag  u (1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag  u (1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ]  u (6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ]  u (1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][j ]  u (1)   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols_flag  u (1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc  u (2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1  u (8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets_minus1; i ++)      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ]  u (1)    }   }  }  vps_num_ptls  u (8)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ]  u (1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ]  u (3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */  u (1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > 1 )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ]  u (8)  if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue (v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag  u (1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag  u (1)  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_dpb_params; i++ ) {   dpb_size_only_flag[ i ]  u (1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ]  u (3)   dpb_parameters( dpb_size_only_flag[ i ], dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ],     vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag )  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1 && vps_num_dpb_params > 1; i++ ) {   if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )    layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue (v)   if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag )    layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue (v)  }  vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag  u (1)  if( vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   general_hrd_parameters( )   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag  u (1)   if( TotalNumOlss > 1 )       num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 ue (v)      for( i = 0; i <= num_ols_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {    if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 >0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )     hrd_max_tid[ i ]  u (3)    firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : hrd_max_tid[ i ]    ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, hrd_max_temporal_id[ i ] )   }   if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )    for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )     ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue (v)  }  vps_extension_flag  u (1)  if( vps_extension_flag)   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    vps_extension_data_flag  u (1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

-   -   With respect to Table 3, JVET-P2001 provides the following         semantics:     -   A VPS RBSP shall be available to the decoding process prior to         it being referenced, included in at least one AU with TemporalId         equal to 0 or provided through external means.     -   All VPS NAL units with a particular value of         vps_video_parameter_set_id in a CVS shall have the same content.     -   vps_video_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for the VPS         for reference by other syntax elements. The value of         vps_video_parameter_set_id shall be greater than 0.     -   vps_max_layers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the maximum allowed         number of layers in each CVS referring to the VPS.     -   vps_max_sublayers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the maximum number of         temporal sublayers that may be present in each CVS referring to         the VPS. The value of vps_max_sublayers_minus1 shall be in the         range of 0 to 6, inclusive.     -   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the number of temporal sublayers is the same for all the layers         in each CVS referring to the VPS.         vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the layers in each CVS referring to the VPS may or may not have         the same number of temporal sublayers. When not present, the         value of vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag is inferred to         be equal to 1.     -   vps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to 1 specifies that all         layers in the CVS are independently coded without using         inter-layer prediction. vps_all_independent_layers_flag equal to         0 specifies that one or more of the layers in the CVS may use         inter-layer prediction. When not present, the value of         vps_all_independent_layers_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.         When vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 1, the value of         vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is inferred to be equal to 1. When         vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 0, the value of         vps_independent_layer_flag[0] is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   vps_layer_id[i] specifies the nuh_layer_id value of the i-th         layer. For any two non-negative integer values of m and n, when         m is less than n, the value of vps_layer_id[m] shall be less         than vps_layer_id[n].     -   vps_independent_layer_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         layer with index i does not use inter-layer prediction.         vps_independent_layer_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies that the         layer with index i may use inter-layer prediction and the syntax         elements vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] for j in the range of 0         to i−1, inclusive, are present in VPS. When not present, the         value of vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is inferred to be equal         to 1.     -   vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 0 specifies that the         layer with index j is not a direct reference layer for the layer         with index i. vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 1         specifies that the layer with index j is a direct reference         layer for the layer with index i. When         vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] is not present for i and j in         the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, it is         inferred to be equal to 0. When vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is         equal to 0, there shall be at least one value of j in the range         of 0 to i−1, inclusive, such that the value of         vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[i][j] is equal to 1.     -   The variables NumDirectRefLayers[i], DirectRefLayerIdx[i][d],         NumRefLayers[i], RefLayerIdx[i][r], and         LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[j] are derived as follows:

for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ )  for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ ) {   dependencyFlag[ i ] [ j ] = vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ]   for( k = 0; k < i; k++ )    if( vps_direct_ref_1ayer_flag[ i ] [ k ] && dependencyFlag[ k ] [ j ] )     dependencyFlag[ i ][ j ] = 1  } for(i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {  LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ j ] = 0  for( j = 0, d = 0, r = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ ) {   if( direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] ) {    DirectRefLayerIdx[ i ][ d++ ] = j    LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ j ] = 1   }   if( dependencyFlag[ i ][ j ] )    RefLayerIdx[ i ] [ r++ ] = j  }  NumDirectRefLayers[ i ] = d  NumRefLayers[ i ] = r }

-   -   The variable GeneralLayerIdx[i], specifying the layer index of         the layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[i], is derived         as follows:

  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ )  GeneralLayerIdx[ vps_layer_id[ i ] ] = i

-   -   each_layer_is_an_ols_flag equal to 1 specifies that each output         layer set contains only one layer and each layer itself in the         bitstream is an output layer set with the single included layer         being the only output layer. each_layer_is_an_ols_flag equal to         0 that an output layer set may contain more than one layer. If         vps_max_layers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of the value of         each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is inferred to be equal to 1.         Otherwise, when vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 0,         the value of each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is inferred to be equal         to 0.     -   ols_mode_idc equal to 0 specifies that the total number of OLSs         specified by the VPS is equal to vps_max_layers_minus1+1, the         i-th OLS includes the layers with layer indices from 0 to i,         inclusive, and for each OLS only the highest layer in the OLS is         output.     -   ols_mode_idc equal to 1 specifies that the total number of OLSs         specified by the VPS is equal to vps_max_layers_minus1+1, the         i-th OLS includes the layers with layer indices from 0 to i,         inclusive, and for each OLS all layers in the OLS are output.         ols_mode_idc equal to 2 specifies that the total number of OLSs         specified by the VPS is explicitly signalled and for each OLS         the output layers are explicitly signalled and other layers are         the layers that are direct or indirect reference layers of the         output layers of the OLS.     -   The value of ols_mode_idc shall be in the range of 0 to 2,         inclusive. The value 3 of ols_mode_idc is reserved for future         use by ITU-T|ISO/IEC.     -   When vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 1 and         each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 0, the value of         ols_mode_idc is inferred to be equal to 2.     -   num_output_layer_sets_minus1 plus 1 specifies the total number         of OLSs specified by the VPS when ols_mode_idc is equal to 2.     -   The variable TotalNumOlss, specifying the total number of OLSs         specified by the VPS, is derived as follows:

if( vps_max_layers_minus1 = = 0 ) TotalNumOlss = 1 else if( each_layer_is_an_ols_flag | | ols_mode_idc = = 0 | | ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) TotalNumOlss = vps_max_layers_minus1 + 1 else if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) TotalNumOlss = num_output_layer_sets_minus1 + 1

-   -   ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 1 specifies that the layer         with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] is an output layer of         the i-th OLS when ols_mode_idc is equal to 2.         ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 0 specifies that the layer         with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] is not an output         layer of the i-th OLS when ols_mode_idc is equal to 2.     -   The variable NumOutputLayersInOls[i], specifying the number of         output layers in the i-th OLS, and the variable         OutputLayerIdInOls[i][j], specifying the nuh_layer_id value of         the j-th output layer in the i-th OLS, are derived as follows:

  NumOutputLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 OutputLayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ ) {  if( each_layer_is_an_ols_flag | | ols_mode_idc = = 0) {   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )    OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ ) layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ j ] = 0   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ k ]) {     layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ j ] = 1     OutputLayerIdx[ i ][ j ] = k     OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]    }   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = j   for( j = 0; j < NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ];j++ ) {    idx = OutputLayerIdx[ i ][ j ]    for( k = 0; k < NumRefLayers[ idx ]; k++ )     layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ RefLayerIdx idx ][ k ] ] = 1   }  } }

-   -   For each OLS, there shall be at least one layer that is an         output layer. In other words, for any value of i in the range of         0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive, the value of         NumOutputLayersInOls[i] shall be greater than or equal to 1.     -   The variable NumLayerInOls[i], specifying the number of layers         in the i-th OLS, and the variable LayerIdInOls[i][j], specifying         the nuh_layer_id value of the j-th layer in the i-th OLS, are         derived as follows:

  NumLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 LayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ ) {  if( each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   LayerIdInOls[ i ] [ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 0 | | ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )    LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ k ] )     LayerIdInOls [ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = j }

-   -   -   NOTE—The 0-th OLS contains only the lowest layer (i.e., the             layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[0]) and for             the 0-th OLS the only included layer is output.

    -   The variable OlsLayeIdx[i][j], specifying the OLS layer index of         the layer with nuh_layer_id equal to LayerIdInOls[i][j], is         derived as follows:

  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  for j = 0; j < NumLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )   OlsLayeIdx[ i ][ LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] ] = j

-   -   The lowest layer in each OLS shall be an independent layer. In         other words, for each i in the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss− 1,         inclusive, the value of         vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[LayerIdInOls[i][0]]]         shall be equal to 1.     -   Each layer shall be included in at least one OLS specified by         the VPS. In other words, for each layer with a particular value         of nuh_layer_id nuhLayerId, equal to one of vps_layer_id[k] for         k in the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, there         shall be at least one pair of values of I and j, where I is in         the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive, and j is in the         range of NumLayersInOls[I]−1, inclusive, such that the value of         LayerIdInOls[I][j] is equal to nuhLayerId.     -   vps_num_ptls specifies the number of profile_tier_level( )         syntax structures in the VPS.     -   pt_present_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that profile, tier, and         general constraints information are present in the i-th         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the VPS.         pt_present_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies that profile, tier, and         general constraints information are not present in the i-th         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the VPS. The value of         pt_present_flag[0] is inferred to be equal to 0. When         pt_present_flag[i] is equal to 0, the profile, tier, and general         constraints information for the i-th profile_tier_level( )         syntax structure in the VPS are inferred to be the same as that         for the (i−1)-th profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in the         VPS.     -   ptl_max_temporal_id[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest         sublayer representation for which the level information is         present in the i-th profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure in         the VPS. The value of ptl_max_temporal_id[i] shall be in the         range of 0 to vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         ptl_max_temporal_id[i] is inferred to be equal to 0. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is greater than 0 and         vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag is equal to 1, the value         of ptl_max_temporal_id[i] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1.     -   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit shall be equal to 0.     -   Ols_ptl_idx[I] specifies the index, to the list of         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         OLS. When present, the value of ols_ptl_idx[I] shall be in the         range of 0 to vps_num_ptls−1, inclusive.     -   When NumLayersInOls[I] is equal to 1, the profile_tier_level( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is present in the         SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.     -   vps_num_dpb_params specifies the number of dpb_parameters( )         syntax structures in the VPS. The value of vps_num_dpb_params         shall be in the range of 0 to 16, inclusive. When not present,         the value of vps_num_dpb_params is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag equal to 1 specifies that         there is no layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] syntax element         present in the VPS. same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag equal         to 0 specifies that there may or may not be         layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] syntax elements present in the         VPS.     -   vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag is used to control the         presence of max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[ ],         max_num_reorder_pics[ ], and max_latency_increase_plus1[ ]         syntax elements in the dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in         the VPS. When not present, vps_sub_dpb_params_info_present_flag         is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   dpb_size_only_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the         max_num_reorder_pics[ ] and max_latency_increase_plus1[ ] syntax         elements are not present in the i-th dpb_parameters( ) syntax         structures the VPS. dpb_size_only_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies         that the max_num_reorder_pics[ ] and max_latency_increase_plus1[         ] syntax elements may be present in the i-th dpb_parameters( )         syntax structures the VPS.     -   dpb_max_temporal_id[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest         sublayer representation for which the DPB parameters may be         present in the i-th dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the         VPS. The value of dpb_max_temporal_id[i] shall be in the range         of 0 to vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         dpb_max_temporal_id[i] is inferred to be equal to 0. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is greater than 0 and         vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag is equal to 1, the value         of dpb_max_temporal_id[i] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1.     -   layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list         of dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         layer when it is an output layer in an OLS. When present, the         value of layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be in the range of         0 to vps_num_dpb_params−1, inclusive.     -   If vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 1, the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         layer when it is an output layer is the dpb_parameters( ) syntax         structure present in the SPS referred to by the layer.     -   Otherwise (vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 0), the         following applies:         -   When vps_num_dpb_params is equal to 1, the value of             layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.         -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value             of layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be such that             dpb_size_only_flag[layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] ] is equal             to 0.     -   layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] specifies the index, to the         list of dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         layer when it is a non-output layer in an OLS. When present, the         value of layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be in the range         of 0 to vps_num_dpb_params−1, inclusive.     -   If same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to 1, the         following applies:         -   If vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 1, the             dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th             layer when it is a non-output layer is the dpb_parameters( )             syntax structure present in the SPS referred to by the             layer.         -   Otherwise (vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 0), the             value of layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be             equal to layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i].     -   Otherwise (same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to         0), when vps_num_dpb_params is equal to 1, the value of         layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) and other         Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD) parameters are present in         the VPS RBSP syntax structure.         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) and other HRD         parameters are not present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.     -   vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the i-th ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS         contains HRD parameters for the sublayer representations with         TemporalId in the range of 0 to hrd_max_tid[i], inclusive.         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the i-th ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS         contains HRD parameters for the sublayer representation with         TemporalId equal to hrd_max_tid[i] only. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   When vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is equal to 0, the HRD         parameters for the sublayer representations with TemporalId in         the range of 0 to hrd_max_tid[i]−1, inclusive, are inferred to         be the same as that for the sublayer representation with         TemporalId equal to hrd_max_tid[i]. These include the HRD         parameters starting from the fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i]         syntax element till the sublayer_hrd_parameters(i) syntax         structure immediately under the condition         “if(general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag)” in the         ols_hrd_parameters syntax structure.     -   num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         ols_hrd_parameters(syntax structures present in the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure. The value of         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 63,         inclusive. When TotalNumOlss is greater than 1, the value of         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   hrd_max_tid[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest sublayer         representation for which the HRD parameters are contained in the         i-th ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure. The value of         hrd_max_tid[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         hrd_max_tid[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   ols_hrd_idx[i] specifies the index of the ois_hrd_parameters( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS. The value of         ols_hrd_idx[[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1, inclusive. When not present, the         value of ols_hrd_idx[[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   vps_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that no         vps_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the VPS         RBSP syntax structure. vps_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies         that there are vps_extension_data_flag syntax elements present         in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.     -   vps_extension_data_flag may have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect decoder conformance to profiles specified in         this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore all         vps_extension_data_flag syntax elements.

As provided in Table 2, a NAL unit may include a sequence parameter set syntax structure. Table 4 illustrates the syntax structure of the SPS provided in JVET-P2001.

TABLE 4 Descriptor seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  sps_decoding_parameter_set_id  u (4)  sps_video_parameter_set_id  u (4)  sps_max_sublayers_minus1  u (3)  sps_reserved_zero_4bits  u (4)  sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag  u (1)  if( sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag )   profile_tier_level( 1, sps_max_sublayers_minus1 )  gdr_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_seq_parameter_set_id  u (4)  chroma_format_idc  u (2)  if( chroma_format_idc = = 3 )   separate_colour_plane_flag  u (1)  ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag  u (1)  pic_width_max_in_luma_samples ue (v)  pic_height_max_in_luma_samples ue (v)  sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5  u (2)  subpics_present_flag  u (1)  if( subpics_present_flag ) {   sps_num_subpics_minus1  u (8)   for( i = 0; i <= sps_num_subpics_minus1; i++ ) {    subpic_ctu_top_left_x[ i ]  u (v)    subpic_ctu_top_left_y[ i ]  u (v)    subpic_width_minus1[ i ]  u (v)    subpic_height_minus1[ i ]  u (v)    subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ]  u (1)    loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag i ]  u (1)   }  }  sps_subpic_id_present_flag  u (1)  if( sps_subpics_id_present_flag ) {   sps_subpic_id_signalling_present_flag  u (1)   if( sps_subpics_id_signalling_present_flag ) {    sps_subpic_id_len_minus1 ue (v)    for( i = 0; i <= sps_num_subpics_minus1; i++ )     sps_subpic_id[ i ]  u (v)   }  }  bit_depth_minus8 ue (v)  min_qp_prime_ts_minus4 ue (v)  sps_weighted_pred_flag  u (1)  sps_weighted_bipred_flag  u (1)  log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4  u (4)  sps_poc_msb_flag  u (1)  if( sps_poc_msb_flag )   poc_msb_len_minus1 ue (v)  if( sps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag  u (1)  if( sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag )   dpb_parameters( 0, sps_max_sublayers_minus1, sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag )  long_term_ref_pics_flag  u (1)  inter_layer_ref_pics_present_flag  u (1)  sps_idr_rpl_present_flag  u (1)  rpl1_same_as_rpl0_flag  u (1)  for( i = 0; i < !rpl1_same_as_rpl0_flag ? 2 : 1; i++ ) {   num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[ i ] ue (v)   for( j = 0; j < num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[ i ]; j++)    ref_pic_list_struct( i, j )  }  if( ChromaArrayType != 0 )   qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag  u (1)  log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 ue (v)  partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma ue (v)  sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice ue (v)  sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice ue (v)  sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma ue (v)  if( sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma != 0 ) {   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma ue (v)   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma ue (v)  }  if( sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice != 0 ) {   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice ue (v)   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice ue (v)  }  if( qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag ) {   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma ue (v)   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma ue (v)   if( sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma != 0 ) {    sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma ue (v)    sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma ue (v)   }  }  sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag  u (1)  sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( ChromaArrayType != 0 ) {   same_qp_table_for_chroma  u (1)   numQpTables = same_qp_table_for_chroma ? 1 : ( sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag ? 3 : 2 )   for( i = 0; i < numQpTables; i++ ) {    qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] se (v)    num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ] ue (v)    for( j = 0; j <= num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {     delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] ue (v)     delta_qp_diff_val[ i ] [ j ] ue (v)    }   }  }  sps_sao_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_alf_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag )   sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag && chroma_format_idc = = 3 )   sps_bdpcm_chroma_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag )   sps_ref_wraparound_offset_minus1 ue (v)  sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag )   sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_amvr_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_bdof_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_bdof_enabled_flag )   sps_bdof_pic_present_flag  u (1)  sps_smvd_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_dmvr_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_dmvr_enabled_flag )   sps_dmvr_pic_present_flag  u (1)  sps_mmvd_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_isp_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_mrl_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_mip_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( ChromaArrayType != 0 )   sps_cclm_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( chroma_format_idc = = 1 ) {   sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag  u (1)   sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag  u (1)  }  sps_mts_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_mts_enabled_flag ) {   sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag  u (1)   sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag  u (1)  }  sps_sbt_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_affine_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_affine_enabled_flag ) {   sps_affine_type_flag  u (1)   sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag  u (1)   sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag  u (1)   if( sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag )    sps_prof_pic_present_flag  u (1)  }  if( chroma_format_idc = = 3 ) {   sps_palette_enabled_flag  u (1)   sps_act_enabled_flag  u (1)  }  sps_bew_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_ibc_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_ciip_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_mmvd_enabled_flag)   sps_fpel_mmvd_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_triangle_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_lmcs_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_lfnst_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_ladf_enabled_flag  u (1)  if( sps_ladf_enabled_flag ) {   sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2  u (2)   sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset se (v)   for( i = 0; i < sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 + 1; i++ ) {    sps_ladf_qp_offset[ i ] se (v)    sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[ i ] ue (v)   }  }  sps_scaling_list_enabled_flag  u (1)  sps_loop_filter_across_virtual_boundaries_disabled_present_flag  u (1)  if( sps_loop_filter_across_virtual_boundaries_disabled_present_flag ) {   sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries  u (2)   for( i = 0; i < sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries; i++ )    sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_x[ i ] u (13)   sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries  u (2)   for( i = 0; i < sps_sum_hor_virtual_boundaries,; i++ )    sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_y[ i ] u (13)  }  if( sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag  u (1)   if( sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag ) {    general_hrd_parameters( )    if( sps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )     sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag  u (1)    firstSubLayer = sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 :      sps_max_sublayers_minus1    ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, sps_max_sublayers_minus1 )   }  }  field_seq_flag  u (1)  vui_parameters_present_flag  u (1)  if( vui_parameters_present_flag )   vui_parameters( ) /* Specified in ITU-T H.SEI | ISO/IEC 23002-7 */  sps_extension_flag  u (1)  if( sps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    sps_extension_data_flag  u (1)  rbsp_traiiing_bits( ) }

-   -   With respect to Table 4, JVET-P2001 provides the following         semantics:     -   An SPS RBSP shall be available to the decoding process prior to         it being referenced, included in at least one AU with TemporalId         equal to 0 or provided through external means.     -   All SPS NAL units with a particular value of         sps_seq_parameter_set_id in a CVS shall have the same content.     -   sps_decoding_parameter_set_id, when greater than 0, specifies         the value of dps_decoding_parameter_set_id for the DPS referred         to by the SPS. When sps_decoding_parameter_set_id is equal to 0,         the SPS does not refer to a DPS and no DPS is referred to when         decoding each CLVS referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_decoding_parameter_set_id shall be the same in all SPSs that         are referred to by coded pictures in a bitstream.     -   sps_videoparameter_set_id, when greater than 0, specifies the         value of vps_video_parameter_set_id for the VPS referred to by         the SPS.     -   When sps_video_parameter_set_id is equal to 0, the following         applies:     -   The SPS does not refer to a VPS.         -   No VPS is referred to when decoding each CLVS referring to             the SPS.         -   The value of vps_max_layers_minus1 is inferred to be equal             to 0.         -   The CVS shall contain only one layer (i.e., all VCL NAL unit             in the CVS shall have the same value of nuh_layer_id).         -   The value of GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id] is inferred to be             equal to 0.         -   The value of             vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id]] is             inferred to be equal to 1.     -   When vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id]]         is equal to 1, the SPS referred to by a CLVS with a particular         nuh_layer_id value nuhLayerId shall have nuh_layer_id equal to         nuhLayerId.     -   sps_max_sublayers_minus1 plus 1 specifies the maximum number of         temporal sublayers that may be present in each CLVS referring to         the SPS. The value of sps_max_sublayers_minus1 shall be in the         range of 0 to vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive.     -   sps_reserved_zero_4 bits shall be equal to 0 in bitstreams         conforming to this version of this Specification. Other values         for sps_reserved_zero_4 bits are reserved for future use by         ITU-T ISO/IEC.     -   sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that a         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure and a dpb_parameters( )         syntax structure are present in the SPS, and a         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure and an         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure may also be present in         the SPS. sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that none of these syntax structures is present in the         SPS. The value of sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag shall be         equal to vps_independent_layer_flag[nuh_layer_id].     -   If vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id]] is         equal equal to 1, the variable MaxDecPicBuffMinus1 is set equal         to max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[sps_max_sublayers_minus1] in the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the SPS. Otherwise,         MaxDecPicBuffMinus1 is set equal to         max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[sps_max_sublayers_minus1] in the         layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id]         ]-th dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS.     -   gdr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that GDR pictures may be         present in CLVSs referring to the SPS. gdr_enabled_flag equal to         0 specifies that GDR pictures are not present in CLVSs referring         to the SPS.     -   sps_seq_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for the SPS for         reference by other syntax elements.     -   SPS NAL units, regardless of the nuh_layer_id values, share the         same value space of sps_seq_parameter_set_id.     -   chroma_format_idc specifies the chroma sampling relative to the         luma sampling as specified.     -   separate_colour_plane_flag equal to 1 specifies that the three         colour components of the 4:4:4 chroma format are coded         separately. separate_colour_plane_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the colour components are not coded separately. When         separate_colour_plane_flag is not present, it is inferred to be         equal to 0. When separate_colour_plane_flag is equal to 1, the         coded picture consists of three separate components, each of         which consists of coded samples of one colour plane (Y, Cb, or         Cr) and uses the monochrome coding syntax. In this case, each         colour plane is associated with a specific colour_plane_id         value.         -   NOTE—There is no dependency in decoding processes between             the colour planes having different colour_plane_id values.             For example, the decoding process of a monochrome picture             with one value of colour_plane_id does not use any data from             monochrome pictures having different values of             colour_plane_id for inter prediction.     -   Depending on the value of separate_colour_plane_flag, the value         of the variable ChromaArrayType is assigned as follows:         -   If separate_colour_plane_flag is equal to 0, ChromaArrayType             is set equal to chroma_format_idc.         -   Otherwise (separate_colour_plane_flag is equal to 1),             ChromaArrayType is set equal to 0.     -   ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         reference picture resampling may be applied when decoding coded         pictures in the CLVSs referring to the SPS.     -   ref_pic_resampling_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         reference picture resampling is not applied when decoding         pictures in CLVSs referring to the SPS.         pic_width_max_in_luma_samples specifies the maximum width, in         units of luma samples, of each decoded picture referring to the         SPS.     -   pic_width_max_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to 0 and shall         be an integer multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY).     -   pic_height_max_in_luma_samples specifies the maximum height, in         units of luma samples, of each decoded picture referring to the         SPS. pic_height_max_in_luma_samples shall not be equal to 0 and         shall be an integer multiple of Max(8, MinCbSizeY).     -   sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 plus 5 specifies the luma coding tree         block size of each CTU. It is a requirement of bitstream         conformance that the value of sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5 be less         than or equal to 2.     -   The variables CtbLog2SizeY and CtbSizeY are derived as follows:

CtbLog2SizeY=sps_log2_ctu_size_minus5+5

CtbSizeY=1<<CtbLog2SizeY

-   -   subpics_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that subpicture         parameters are present in in the SPS RBSP syntax.         subpics_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that subpicture         parameters are not present in the SPS RBSP syntax.         -   NOTE—When a bitstream is the result of a sub-bitstream             extraction process and contains only a subset of the             subpictures of the input bitstream to the sub-bitstream             extraction process, it might be required to set the value of             subpics_present_flag equal to 1 in the RBSP of the SPSs.     -   sps_num_subpics_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         subpictures. sps_num_subpics_minus1 shall be in the range of 0         to 254. When not present, the value of sps_num_subpics_minus1 is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i] specifies horizontal position of top         left CTU of i-th subpicture in unit of CtbSizeY. The length of         the syntax element is         Ceil(Log2(pic_width_max_in_luma_samples/CtbSizeY)) bits. When         not present, the value of subpic_ctu_top_left_x[i] is inferred         to be equal to 0.     -   subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i] specifies vertical position of top left         CTU of i-th subpicture in unit of CtbSizeY. The length of the         syntax element is         Ceil(Log2(pic_height_max_in_luma_samples/CtbSizeY)) bits. When         not present, the value of subpic_ctu_top_left_y[i] is inferred         to be equal to 0.     -   subpic_width_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the width of the i-th         subpicture in units of CtbSizeY. The length of the syntax         element is Ceil(Log2(pic_width_max_in_luma_samples/CtbSizeY))         bits. When not present, the value of subpic_width_minus1[i] is         inferred to be equal to         Ceil(pic_width_max_in_luma_samples/CtbSizeY)−1.     -   subpic_height_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the height of the i-th         subpicture in units of CtbSizeY. The length of the syntax         element is Ceil(Log2(pic_height_max_in_luma_samples/CtbSizeY))         bits. When not present, the value of subpic_height_minus1[i] is         inferred to be equal to         Ceil(pic_height_max_in_luma_samples/CtbSizeY)−1.     -   subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that the i-th         subpicture of each coded picture in the CLVS is treated as a         picture in the decoding process excluding in-loop filtering         operations. subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies         that the i-th subpicture of each coded picture in the CLVS is         not treated as a picture in the decoding process excluding         in-loop filtering operations. When not present, the value of         subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies         that in-loop filtering operations may be performed across the         boundaries of the i-th subpicture in each coded picture in the         CLVS. loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag[i] equal to 0         specifies that in-loop filtering operations are not performed         across the boundaries of the i-th subpicture in each coded         picture in the CLVS. When not present, the value of         loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_pic_flag[i] is inferred to be         equal to 1.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the following         constraints apply:         -   For any two subpictures subpicA and subpicB, when the             subpicture index of subpicA is less than that of subpicB,             any coded slice NAL unit of subPicA shall precede any coded             slice NAL unit of subPicB in decoding order.         -   The shapes of the subpictures shall be such that each             subpicture, when decoded, shall have its entire left             boundary and entire top boundary consisting of picture             boundaries or consisting of boundaries of previously decoded             subpictures.     -   sps_subpic_id_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that subpicture         ID mapping is present in the SPS. sps_subpic_id_present_flag         equal to 0 specifies that subpicture ID mapping is not present         in the SPS.     -   sps_subpic_id_signalling_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         subpicture ID mapping is signalled in the SPS.         sps_subpic_id_signalling_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         subpicture ID mapping is not signalled in the SPS. When not         present, the value of sps_subpic_id_signalling_present_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_subpic_id_len_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of bits         used to represent the syntax element sps_subpic_id[i]. The value         of sps_subpic_id_len_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 15,         inclusive.     -   sps_subpic_id[i] specifies that subpicture ID of the i-th         subpicture. The length of the sps_subpic_id[i] syntax element is         sps_subpic_id_len_minus1+1 bits. When not present, and when         sps_subpic_id_present_flag equal to 0, the value of         sps_subpic_id[i] is inferred to be equal to i, for each i in the         range of 0 to sps_num_subpics_minus1, inclusive     -   bit_depth_minus8 specifies the bit depth of the samples of the         luma and chroma arrays, BitDepth, and the value of the luma and         chroma quantization parameter range offset, QpBdOffset, as         follows:

BitDepth=8+bit_depth_minus8

QpBdOffset=6*bit_depth_minus8

-   -   bit_depth_minus8 shall be in the range of 0 to 8, inclusive.     -   min_qp_prime_ts_minus4 specifies the minimum allowed         quantization parameter for transform skip mode as follows:

QpPrimeTsMin=4+min_qp_prime_ts_minus4

-   -   The value of min_qp_prime_ts_minus4 shall be in the range of 0         to 48, inclusive.     -   sps_weighted_pred_flag equal to 1 specifies that weighted         prediction may be applied to P slices referring to the SPS.         sps_weighted_pred_flag equal to 0 specifies that weighted         prediction is not applied to P slices referring to the SPS.     -   sps_weighted_bipred_flag equal to 1 specifies that explicit         weighted prediction may be applied to B slices referring to the         SPS. sps_weighted_bipred_flag equal to 0 specifies that explicit         weighted prediction is not applied to B slices referring to the         SPS.     -   log2_maxpic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 specifies the value of the         variable MaxPicOrderCntLsb that is used in the decoding process         for picture order count as follows:

MaxPicOrderCntLsb=2^((log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4+4))

-   -   The value of log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 shall be in the         range of 0 to 12, inclusive.     -   sps_poc_msb_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         ph_poc_msb_cycle_present_flag syntax element is present in PHs         referring to the SPS. sps_poc_msb_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the ph_poc_msb_cycle_present_flag syntax element is not present         in PHs referring to the SPS.     -   poc_msb_len_minus1 plus 1 specifies the length, in bits, of the         poc_msb_val syntax elements, when present in the PHs referring         to the SPS. The value of poc_msb_len_minus1 shall be in the         range of 0 to 32−log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4−5, inclusive.     -   sps_sublayer_dpb_params_flag is used to control the presence of         max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[i], max_num_reorder_pics[i], and         max_latency_increase_plus1[i] syntax elements in the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure in the SPS. When not present,         the value of sps_sub_dpb_params_info_present_flag is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   long_term_ref_pics_flag equal to 0 specifies that no LTRP is         used for inter prediction of any coded picture in the CLVS.         long_term_ref_pics_flag equal to 1 specifies that LTRPs may be         used for inter prediction of one or more coded pictures in the         CLVS.     -   inter_layer_ref_pics_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that no         ILRP is used for inter prediction of any coded picture in the         CLVS. inter_layer_ref_pics_flag equal to 1 specifies that ILRPs         may be used for inter prediction of one or more coded pictures         in the CLVS. When sps_video_parameter_set_id is equal to 0, the         value of inter_layer_ref_pics_present_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0. When         vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[nuh_layer_id]] is         equal to 1, the value of inter_layer_ref_pics_present_flag shall         be equal to 0.     -   sps_idr_rpl_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that reference         picture list syntax elements are present in slice headers of IDR         pictures. sps_idr_rpl_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         reference picture list syntax elements are not present in slice         headers of IDR pictures.     -   rpl1_same_as_rpl0_flag equal to 1 specifies that the syntax         element num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[1] and the syntax structure         ref_pic_list_struct(1, rplsIdx) are not present and the         following applies:     -   The value of num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[1] is inferred to be equal         to the value of num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[0].         -   The value of each of syntax elements in             ref_pic_list_struct(1, rplsIdx) is inferred to be equal to             the value of corresponding syntax element in             ref_pic_list_struct(0, rplsIdx) for rplsIdx ranging from 0             to num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[0]−1.     -   num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[i] specifies the number of the         ref_pic_list_struct(listIdx, rplsIdx) syntax structures with         listIdx equal to i included in the SPS. The value of         num_ref_pic_lists_in_sps[i] shall be in the range of 0 to 64,         inclusive.         -   NOTE—For each value of listIdx (equal to 0 or 1), a decoder             should allocate memory for a total number of             numref_pic_lists_in_sps[i]+1 ref_pic_list_struct(listIdx,             rplsIdx) syntax structures since there may be one             ref_pic_list_struct(listIdx, rplsIdx) syntax structure             directly signalled in the slice headers of a current             picture.     -   qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag equal to 1 specifies that for I         slices, each CTU is split into coding units with 64×64 luma         samples using an implicit quadtree split and that these coding         units are the root of two separate coding_tree syntax structure         for luma and chroma. qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag equal to 0         specifies separate coding_tree syntax structure is not used for         I slices. When qtbtt_dual_tree_intra_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 plus 2 specifies the         minimum luma coding block size. The value range of         log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2 shall be in the range of         0 to log2_ctu_size_minus5+3, inclusive.     -   The variables MinCbLog2SizeY, MinCbSizeY, IbcBufWidthY,         IbcBufWidthC and Vsize are derived as follows:

MinCbLog2SizeY=log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus2+2

MinCbSizeY=1<<MinCbLog2SizeY

IbcBufWidthY=256*128/CtbSizeY

IbcBufWidthC=IbcBufWidthY/SubWidthC

VSize=Min(64,CtbSizeY)

-   -   The value of MinCbSizeY shall less than or equal to VSize.     -   The variables CtbWidthC and CtbHeightC, which specify the width         and height, respectively, of the array for each chroma CTB, are         derived as follows:         -   If chroma_format_idc is equal to 0 (monochrome) or             separate_colour_plane flag is equal to 1, CtbWidthC and             CtbHeightC are both equal to 0.         -   Otherwise, CtbWidthC and CtbHeightC are derived as follows:

CtbWidthC=CtbSizeY/SubWidthC

CtbHeightC=CtbSizeY/SubHeightC

-   -   For log2BlockWidth ranging from 0 to 4 and for log2BlockHeight         ranging from 0 to 4, inclusive, the up-right diagonal and raster         scan order array initialization process as specified is invoked         with 1<<log2BlockWidth and 1<<log2BlockHeight as inputs, and the         output is assigned to         DiagScanOrder[log2BlockWidth][log2BlockHeight].     -   For log2BlockWidth ranging from 0 to 6 and for log2BlockHeight         ranging from 0 to 6, inclusive, the horizontal and vertical         traverse scan order array initialization process as specified is         invoked with 1<<log2BlockWidth and 1<<log2BlockHeight as inputs,         and the output is assigned to         HorTravScanOrder[log2BlockWidth][log2BlockHeight] and         VerTravScanOrder[log2BlockWidth][log2BlockHeight].     -   partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies         the presence of partition_constraints_override_flag in PHs         referring to the SPS.         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         the absence of partition_constraints_override_flag in PHs         referring to the SPS.     -   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the minimum         size in luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting from         quadtree splitting of a CTU and the base 2 logarithm of the         minimum coding block size in luma samples for luma CUs in slices         with slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_luma present in PHs referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma         shall be in the range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY,         inclusive. The base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in luma         samples of a luma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting         of a CTU is derived as follows:

MinQtLog2SizeIntraY=sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_luma+MinCbLog2SizeY

-   -   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice specifies the default         difference between the base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in         luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting from quadtree         splitting of a CTU and the base 2 logarithm of the minimum luma         coding block size in luma samples for luma CUs in slices with         slice_type equal to 0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_luma present in PHs referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice shall         be in the range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY, inclusive.         The base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in luma samples of a         luma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting of a CTU is         derived as follows:

MinQtLog2SizeInterY=sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_inter_slice+MinCbLog2SizeY

-   -   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice specifies the default         maximum hierarchy depth for coding units resulting from         multi-type tree splitting of a quadtree leaf in slices with         slice_type equal to 0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default maximum hierarchy depth can be overridden by         pic_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice present in PHs referring         to the SPS. The value of sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_inter_slice         shall be in the range of 0 to 2*(CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY),         inclusive.     -   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default maximum hierarchy depth for coding units resulting from         multi-type tree splitting of a quadtree leaf in slices with         slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default maximum hierarchy depth can be overridden by         pic_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma present in PHs         referring to the SPS. The value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_luma shall be in the         range of 0 to 2*(CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY), inclusive.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block         that can be split using a binary split and the minimum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting         from quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices with slice_type equal         to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_luma present in PHs referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma         shall be in the range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinQtLog2SizeIntraY,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is         not present, the value of         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block         that can be split using a ternary split and the minimum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting         from quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices with slice_type equal         to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_luma present in PHs referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma         shall be in the range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinQtLog2SizeIntraY,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_luma is         not present, the value of sps_log2         diff_max_tt_min_qt_infra_slice_luma is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice specifies the default         difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block that         can be split using a binary split and the minimum size (width or         height) in luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting from         quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices with slice_type equal to         0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_luma present in PHs referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice shall         be in the range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinQtLog2SizeInterY,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice is not         present, the value of sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_inter_slice is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_d_min_qt_inter_slice specifies the default         difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a luma coding block that         can be split using a ternary split and the minimum size (width         or height) in luma samples of a luma leaf block resulting from         quadtree splitting of a CTU in slices with slice_type equal to         0 (B) or 1 (P) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_luma present in PHs referring to the         SPS. The value of sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice shall         be in the range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinQtLog2SizeInterY,         inclusive. When sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice is not         present, the value of sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_inter_slice is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the minimum         size in luma samples of a chroma leaf block resulting from         quadtree splitting of a chroma CTU with treeType equal to         DUAL_TREE_CHROMA and the base 2 logarithm of the minimum coding         block size in luma samples for chroma CUs with treeType equal to         DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with slice_type equal to 2 (I)         referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_chroma present in PHs referring to         the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY, inclusive. When not         present, the value of         sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma is inferred to be         equal to 0. The base 2 logarithm of the minimum size in luma         samples of a chroma leaf block resulting from quadtree splitting         of a CTU with treeType equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA is derived as         follows:

MinQtLog2SizeIntraC=sps_log2_diff_min_qt_min_cb_intra_slice_chroma+MinCbLog2SizeY

-   -   sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default maximum hierarchy depth for chroma coding units         resulting from multi-type tree splitting of a chroma quadtree         leaf with treeType equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with         slice_type equal to 2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default maximum hierarchy depth can be overridden by         pic_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_chroma present in PHs referring to         the SPS. The value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to 2*(CtbLog2SizeY−MinCbLog2SizeY), inclusive. When         not present, the value of         sps_max_mtt_hierarchy_depth_intra_slice_chroma is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a chroma coding block         that can be split using a binary split and the minimum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a chroma leaf block         resulting from quadtree splitting of a chroma CTU with treeType         equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with slice_type equal to         2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_chroma present in PHs referring to         the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinQtLog2SizeIntraC, inclusive. When         sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma is not present,         the value of sps_log2_diff_max_bt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma specifies the         default difference between the base 2 logarithm of the maximum         size (width or height) in luma samples of a chroma coding block         that can be split using a ternary split and the minimum size         (width or height) in luma samples of a chroma leaf block         resulting from quadtree splitting of a chroma CTU with treeType         equal to DUAL_TREE_CHROMA in slices with slice_type equal to         2 (I) referring to the SPS. When         partition_constraints_override_enabled_flag is equal to 1, the         default difference can be overridden by         pic_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_chroma present in PHs referring to         the SPS. The value of         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma shall be in the         range of 0 to CtbLog2SizeY−MinQtLog2SizeIntraC, inclusive. When         sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma is not present,         the value of sps_log2_diff_max_tt_min_qt_intra_slice_chroma is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the maximum transform size in luma samples is equal to 64.         sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the maximum transform size in luma samples is equal to 32. When         CtbSizeY is less than 64, the value of         sps_max_luma_transform_size_64_flag shall be equal to 0.     -   The variables MinTbLog2SizeY, MaxTbLog2SizeY, MinTbSizeY, and         MaxTbSizeY are derived as follows:

MinTbLog2SizeY=2

MaxTbLog2SizeY=sps_max_lumatransform_size_64_flag?6:5

MinTbSizeY=1<<MinTbLog2SizeY

MaxTbSizeY=1<<MaxTbLog2SizeY

-   -   sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the joint         coding of chroma residuals is disabled.         sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the joint         coding of chroma residuals is enabled.     -   same_qp_table_for_chroma equal to 1 specifies that only one         chroma QP mapping table is signalled and this table applies to         Cb and Cr residuals and additionally to joint Cb-Cr residuals         when sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag is equal to 1.         same_qp_table_for_chroma equal to 0 specifies that chroma QP         mapping tables, two for Cb and Cr, and one additional for joint         Cb-Cr when sps_joint_cbcr_enabled_flag is equal to 1, are         signalled in the SPS. When same_qp_table_for_chroma is not         present in the bitstream, the value of same_qp_table_for_chroma         is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   qp_table_start_minus26[i] plus 26 specifies the starting luma         and chroma QP used to describe the i-th chroma QP mapping table.         The value of qp_table_start_minus26[i] shall be in the range of         −26−QpBdOffset to 36 inclusive. When qp_table_start_minus26[i]         is not present in the bitstream, the value of         qp_table_start_minus26[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[i] plus 1 specifies the number of         points used to describe the i-th chroma QP mapping table. The         value of num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[i] shall be in the range         of 0 to 63+QpBdOffset, inclusive. When         num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[0] is not present in the         bitstream, the value of num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[0] is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   delta_qp_in_val_minus1[i][j] specifies a delta value used to         derive the input coordinate of the j-th pivot point of the i-th         chroma QP mapping table. When delta_qp_in_val_minus1[0][j] is         not present in the bitstream, the value of         delta_qp_in_val_minus1[0][j] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   delta_qp_diff_val[i][j] specifies a delta value used to derive         the output coordinate of the j-th pivot point of the i-th chroma         QP mapping table.     -   The i-th chroma QP mapping table ChromaQpTable[i] for i=0 . . .         numQpTables−1 is derived as follows:

  qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] = −qp_table_start_minus26[ i ] + 26 qpOutVal[ i ][ 0 ] = qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] for( j = 0; j <= num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {  qpInVal[ i ][ j + 1 ] = qpInVal[ i ][ j ] +   delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] + 1  qpOutVal[ i ][ j + 1 ] = qpOutVal[ i ][ j ] + ( delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] {circumflex over ( )}  delta_qp_diff_val[ i ][ j ] ) } ChromaQpTable[ i ][ qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] ] = qpOutVal[ i ][ 0 ] for( k = qpInVal[ i ][ 0 ] − 1; k >= −QpBdOffset; k − − )  ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k ] = Clip3( −QpBdOffset, 63, ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k + 1 ] − 1 ) for( j = 0; j <+ num_points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ]; j++ ) {  sh = ( delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][ j ] + 1 ) >> 1  for( k = qpInVal[ i ][ j ] + 1, m = 1;   k<= qpInval[ i ][ j + 1 ]; k++, m++ )   ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k ] =    ChromaQpTable[ i ][ qpInVal[ i ][ j ] ] +    ( ( qpOutVal[ i ][j + 1] −     qpOutVal[ i ][j ] ) * m + sh ) / ( delta_qp_in_val_minus1[ i ][j] + 1 ) } for( k = qpInVal[ i ][ num_points_in_qp_table_ minus1[ i ] + 1 ] + 1; k <= 63; k++ )  ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k ] = Clip3( −QpBdOffset,   63, ChromaQpTable[ i ][ k − 1 ] + 1 ) When same_qp_table_for_chroma is equal to 1,  ChromaQpTable[ 1 ][ k ] and ChromaQpTable[ 2 ][ k ] are set equal to  ChromaQpTable[ 0 ][ k ] for k = −QpBdOffset..63. It is a requirement of bitstream conformance  that the values of qpInVal[ i ][ j ] and qpOutVal[ i ][ j ] shall be in the range of  −QpBdOffset to 63, inclusive for i = 0.. numQpTables − 1 and j = 0..num_ points_in_qp_table_minus1[ i ] + 1.

-   -   sps_sao_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the sample         adaptive offset process is applied to the reconstructed picture         after the deblocking filter process. sps_sao_enabled_flag equal         to 0 specifies that the sample adaptive offset process is not         applied to the reconstructed picture after the deblocking filter         process.     -   sps_alf_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the adaptive loop         filter is disabled. sps_alf_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies         that the adaptive loop filter is enabled.     -   sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         transform_skip_flag may be present in the transform unit syntax.         sps_transform_skip_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         transform_skip_flag is not present in the transform unit syntax     -   sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         intra_bdpcm_luma_flag may be present in the coding unit syntax         for intra coding units. sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that intra_bdpcm_luma_flag is not present in the         coding unit syntax for intra coding units. When not present, the         value of sps_bdpcm_enabled_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_bdpcm_chroma_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         intra_bdpcm_chroma_flag may be present in the coding unit syntax         for intra coding units. sps_bdpcm_chroma_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that intra_bdpcm_chroma_flag is not present in the         coding unit syntax for intra coding units. When not present, the         value of sps_bdpcm_chroma_enabled_flag is inferred to be equal         to 0.     -   sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         horizontal wrap-around motion compensation is applied in inter         prediction. sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that horizontal wrap-around motion compensation is not applied.         When the value of (CtbSizeY/MinCbSizeY+1) is less than or equal         to (pic_width_in_luma_samples/MinCbSizeY−1), where         pic_width_in_luma_samples is the value of         pic_width_in_luma_samples in any PPS that refers to the SPS, the         value of sps_ref_wraparound_enabled_flag shall be equal to 0.     -   sps_ref_wraparound_offset_minus1 plus 1 specifies the offset         used for computing the horizontal wrap-around position in units         of MinCbSizeY luma samples. The value of         ref_wraparound_offset_minus1 shall be in the range of         (CtbSizeY/MinCbSizeY)+1 to         (pic_width_in_luma_samples/MinCbSizeY)−1, inclusive, where         pic_width_in_luma_samples is the value of         pic_width_in_luma_samples in any PPS that refers to the SPS.     -   sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that temporal         motion vector predictors may be used in the CLVS.         sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that temporal         motion vector predictors are not used in the CLVS.     -   sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that subblock-based         temporal motion vector predictors may be used in decoding of         pictures with all slices having slice_type not equal to 1 in the         CLVS. sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         subblock-based temporal motion vector predictors are not used in         the CLVS. When sps_sbtmvp_enabled_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_amvr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that adaptive motion         vector difference resolution is used in motion vector coding.         amvr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that adaptive motion         vector difference resolution is not used in motion vector         coding.     -   sps_bdof_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         bi-directional optical flow inter prediction is disabled.         sps_bdof_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the         bi-directional optical flow inter prediction is enabled.     -   sps_bdof_pic_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         pic_disable_bdof flag is present in PHs referring to the SPS.         sps_bdof_pic_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         pic_disable_bdof flag is not present in PHs referring to the         SPS. When sps_bdof_pic_present_flag is not present, the value of         sps_bdof_pic_present_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_smvd_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that symmetric motion         vector difference may be used in motion vector decoding.         sps_smvd_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that symmetric motion         vector difference is not used in motion vector coding.     -   sps_dmvr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that decoder motion         vector refinement based inter bi-prediction is enabled.         sps_dmvr_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that decoder motion         vector refinement based inter bi-prediction is disabled.     -   sps_dmvr_pic_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         pic_disable_dmvr_flag is present in PHs referring to the SPS.         sps_dmvr_pic_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         pic_disable_dmvr_flag is not present in PHs referring to the         SPS. When sps_dmvr_pic_present_flag is not present, the value of         sps_dmvr_pic_present_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_mmvd_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that merge mode with         motion vector difference is enabled. sps_mmvd_enabled_flag equal         to 0 specifies that merge mode with motion vector difference is         disabled.     -   sps_isp_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that intra prediction         with subpartitions is enabled. sps_isp_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that intra prediction with subpartitions is disabled.     -   sps_mrl_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that intra prediction         with multiple reference lines is enabled. sps_mrl_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that intra prediction with multiple         reference lines is disabled.     -   sps_mip_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that matrix-based         intra prediction is enabled. sps_mip_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that matrix-based intra prediction is disabled.     -   sps_cclm_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the         cross-component linear model intra prediction from luma         component to chroma component is disabled. sps_cclm_enabled_flag         equal to 1 specifies that the cross-component linear model intra         prediction from luma component to chroma component is enabled.         When sps_cclm_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag equal to 1 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are not horizontally shifted relative to         corresponding luma sample positions.         sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag equal to 0 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample. positions that are shifted to the right by 0.5 in units         of luma samples relative to corresponding luma sample positions.         When sps_chroma_horizontal_collocated_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 1.     -   sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag equal to 1 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are not vertically shifted relative to         corresponding luma sample positions.         sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag equal to 0 specifies that         prediction processes operate in a manner designed for chroma         sample positions that are shifted downward by 0.5 in units of         luma samples relative to corresponding luma sample positions.         When sps_chroma_vertical_collocated_flag is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 1.     -   sps_mts_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag is present in the sequence         parameter set RBSP syntax and that         sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag is present in the sequence         parameter set RBSP syntax. sps_mts_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag is not         present in the sequence parameter set RBSP syntax and that         sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag is not present in the         sequence parameter set RBSP syntax.     -   sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         mts_idx may be present in intra coding unit syntax.         sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         mts_idx is not present in intra coding unit syntax. When not         present, the value of sps_explicit_mts_intra_enabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         mts_idx may be present in inter coding unit syntax.         sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         mts_idx is not present in inter coding unit syntax. When not         present, the value of sps_explicit_mts_inter_enabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_sbt_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that subblock         transform for inter-predicted CUs is disabled.         sps_sbt_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that subblock         transform for inter-predicted CU is enabled.     -   sps_affine_enabled_flag specifies whether affine model based         motion compensation can be used for inter prediction. If         sps_affine_enabled_flag is equal to 0, the syntax shall be         constrained such that no affine model based motion compensation         is used in the CLVS, and inter_affine_flag and         cu_affine_type_flag are not present in coding unit syntax of the         CLVS. Otherwise (sps_affine_enabled_flag is equal to 1), affine         model based motion compensation can be used in the CLVS.     -   sps_affine_type_flag specifies whether 6-parameter affine model         based motion compensation can be used for inter prediction. If         sps_affine_type_flag is equal to 0, the syntax shall be         constrained such that no 6-parameter affine model based motion         compensation is used in the CLVS, and cu_affine_type_flag is not         present in coding unit syntax in the CLVS. Otherwise         (sps_affine_type_flag is equal to 1), 6-parameter affine model         based motion compensation can be used in the CLVS. When not         present, the value of sps_affine_type_flag is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that adaptive         motion vector difference resolution is used in motion vector         coding of affine inter mode. sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag equal         to 0 specifies that adaptive motion vector difference resolution         is not used in motion vector coding of affine inter mode. When         not present, the value of sps_affine_amvr_enabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag specifies whether the prediction         refinement with optical flow can be used for affine motion         compensation. If sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag is equal to 0, the         affine motion compensation shall not be refined with optical         flow. Otherwise (sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag is equal to 1),         the affine motion compensation can be refined with optical flow.         When not present, the value of sps_affine_prof_enabled_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_prof_pic_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         pic_disable_prof_flag is present in PHs referring to the SPS.         sps_prof_pic_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         pic_disable_prof_flag is not present in PHs referring to the         SPS. When sps_prof_pic_present_flag is not present, the value of         sps_prof_pic_present_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_palette_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that         pred_mode_plt_flag may be present in the coding unit syntax.         sps_palette_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that         pred_mode_plt_flag is not present in the coding unit syntax.         When sps_palette_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   sps_act_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that adaptive colour         transform may be used and the cu_act_enabled_flag may be present         in the coding unit syntax. sps_act_enabled_flag equal to 0         specifies that adaptive colour transform is not used and         cu_act_enabled_flag is not present in the coding unit syntax.         When sps_act_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   sps_bcw_enabled_flag specifies whether bi-prediction with CU         weights can be used for inter prediction. If         sps_bcw_enabled_flag is equal to 0, the syntax shall be         constrained such that no bi-prediction with CU weights is used         in the CLVS, and bcw_idx is not present in coding unit syntax of         the CLVS. Otherwise (sps_bcw_enabled_flag is equal to 1),         bi-prediction with CU weights can be used in the CLVS.     -   sps_ibc_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that the IBC         prediction mode may be used in decoding of pictures in the CLVS.         sps_ibc_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the IBC         prediction mode is not used in the CLVS. When         sps_ibc_enabled_flag is not present, it is inferred to be equal         to 0.     -   sps_ciip_enabled_flag specifies that ciip_flag may be present in         the coding unit syntax for inter coding units.         sps_ciip_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that ciip_flag is not         present in the coding unit syntax for inter coding units.     -   sps_fpel_mmvd_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that merge mode         with motion vector difference is using integer sample precision.         sps_fpel_mmvd_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that merge mode         with motion vector difference can use fractional sample         precision.     -   sps_triangle_enabled_flag specifies whether triangular shape         based motion compensation can be used for inter prediction.         sps_triangle_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies that the syntax         shall be constrained such that no triangular shape based motion         compensation is used in the CLVS, and merge_triangle_split_dir,         merge_triangle_idx0, and merge_triangle_idx1 are not present in         coding unit syntax of the CLVS. sps_triangle_enabled_flag equal         to 1 specifies that triangular shape based motion compensation         can be used in the CLVS.     -   sps_lmcs_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that luma mapping         with chroma scaling is used in the CLVS. sps_lmcs_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that luma mapping with chroma scaling is         not used in the CLVS.     -   sps_lfnst_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that lfnst_idx may         be present in intra coding unit syntax. sps_lfnst_enabled_flag         equal to 0 specifies that lfnst_idx is not present in intra         coding unit syntax.     -   sps_ladf_enabled_flag equal to 1, specifies that         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2,         sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset, sps_ladf_qp_offset[i], and         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] are present in the SPS.     -   sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 plus 1 specifies the number of         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] and sps_ladf_qp_offset[i]         syntax elements that are present in the SPS. The value of         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2 shall be in the range of 0 to 3,         inclusive.     -   sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset specifies the offset used to         derive the variable qP as specified. The value of         sps_ladf_lowest_interval_qp_offset shall be in the range of −63         to 63, inclusive.     -   sps_ladf_qp_offset[i] specifies the offset array used to derive         the variable qP as specified. The value of sps_ladf_qp_offset[i]         shall be in the range of −63 to 63, inclusive.     -   sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] is used to compute the values         of SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[i], which specifies the lower bound         of the i-th luma intensity level interval. The value of         sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         2^(BitDepth)−3, inclusive.     -   The value of SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[0] is set equal to 0.     -   For each value of i in the range of 0 to         sps_num_ladf_intervals_minus2, inclusive, the variable         SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[i+1] is derived as follows:

SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[ i + 1 ] = SpsLadfIntervalLowerBound[ i ]  + sps_ladf_delta_threshold_minus1[ i ] + 1

-   -   sps_scaling_list_enabled_flag equal to 1 specifies that a         scaling list is used for the scaling process for transform         coefficients. sps_scaling_list_enabled_flag equal to 0 specifies         that scaling list is not used for the scaling process for         transform coefficients.     -   sps_loop_filter_across_virtual_boundaries_disabled_present_flag         equal to 1 specifies that the in-loop filtering operations are         disabled across the virtual boundaries in pictures referring to         the SPS.     -   sps_loop_filter_across_virtual_boundaries_disabled_present_flag         equal to 0 specifies that no such disabling of in-loop filtering         operations is applied in pictures referring to the SPS. In-loop         filtering operations include the deblocking filter, sample         adaptive offset filter, and adaptive loop filter operations.     -   sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries specifies the number of         sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_x[i] syntax elements that are present         in the SPS. When sps_num_ver_virtual_boundaries is not present,         it is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_x[i] is used to compute the value of         VirtualBoundariesPosX[i], which specifies the location of the         i-th vertical virtual boundary in units of luma samples. The         value of sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_x[i] shall be in the range         of 1 to Ceil(pic_width_in_luma_samples+8)−1, inclusive.     -   sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries specifies the number of         sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_y[i] syntax elements that are present         in the SPS. When sps_num_hor_virtual_boundaries is not present,         it is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_y[i] is used to compute the value of         VirtualBoundariesPosY[i], which specifies the location of the         i-th horizontal virtual boundary in units of luma samples. The         value of sps_virtual_boundaries_pos_y[i] shall be in the range         of 1 to Ceil(pic_height_in_luma_samples±8)−1, inclusive.     -   sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) is present in the         SPS RBSP syntax structure. sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag         equal to 0 specifies that the syntax structure         general_hrd_parameters( ) is not present in the SPS RBSP syntax         structure.     -   sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the syntax structure old_hrd_parameters( ) in the SPS RBSP         includes HRD parameters for sublayer representations with         TemporalId in the range of 0 to sps_max_sublayers_minus1,         inclusive. sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that the syntax structure ols_hrd_parameters( ) in the         SPS RBSP includes HRD parameters for the sublayer representation         with TemporalId equal to sps_max_sublayers_minus1 only. When         sps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is inferred to be equal         to 0. When sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is equal to 0,         the HRD parameters for the sublayer representations with         TemporalId in the range of 0 to sps_max_sublayers_minus1−1,         inclusive, are inferred to be the same as that for the sublayer         representation with TemporalId equal to         sps_max_sublayers_minus1. These include the HRD parameters         starting from the fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] syntax element         till the sublayer_hrd_parameters(i) syntax structure immediately         under the condition “if(general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag)” in         the ols_hrd_parameters syntax structure.     -   field_seq_flag equal to 1 indicates that the CLVS conveys         pictures that represent fields. field_seq_flag equal to 0         indicates that the CLVS conveys pictures that represent frames.         When general_frame_only_constraint_flag is equal to 1, the value         of field_seq_flag shall be equal to 0.     -   When field_seq_flag is equal to 1, a frame-field information SEI         message shall be present for every coded picture in the CLVS.         -   NOTE—The specified decoding process does not treat pictures             that represent fields or frames differently. A sequence of             pictures that represent fields would therefore be coded with             the picture dimensions of an individual field. For example,             pictures that represent 1080i fields would commonly have             cropped output dimensions of 1920×540, while the sequence             picture rate would commonly express the rate of the source             fields (typically between 50 and 60 Hz), instead of the             source frame rate (typically between 25 and 30 Hz).     -   vui_parameters_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that the syntax         structure vui_parameters( ) is present in the SPS RBSP syntax         structure. vui_parameters_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the syntax structure vui_parameters( ) is not present in the SPS         RBSP syntax structure.     -   sps_extension_flag equal to 0 specifies that no         sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements are present in the SPS         RBSP syntax structure. sps_extension_flag equal to 1 specifies         that there are sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements present         in the SPS RBSP syntax structure.     -   sps_extension_data_flag may have any value. Its presence and         value do not affect decoder conformance to profiles specified in         this version of this Specification. Decoders conforming to this         version of this Specification shall ignore all         sps_extension_data_flag syntax elements.     -   As described above, in JVET-P2001 when         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1, the syntax         structure general_hrd_parameters( ) is present in the VPS RBSP         syntax structure. Further, as described above, in JVET-P2001         when sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1, the         syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) is present in the SPS         RBSP syntax structure. Table 5 illustrates the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure provided in         JVET-P2001.

TABLE 5 general_hrd_parameters( ) { Descriptor  num_units_in_tick u(32)  time_scale u(32)  general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  general_vel_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag )   tick_divisor_minus2 u(8)  bit_rate_scale u(4)  cpb_size_scale u(4)  if( general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag )   cpb_size_du_scale u(4)  hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1 ue(v) }

-   -   With respect to Table 5, JVET-P2001 provides the following         semantics:     -   The general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure provides HRD         parameters used in the HRD operations.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the content of         the general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure present in any         VPSs or SPSs in the bitstream shall be identical.     -   When included in a VPS, the general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure applies to all OLSs specified by the VPS. When         included in an SPS, the general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure applies to the OLS that includes only the layer that         is the lowest layer among the layers that refer to the SPS, and         this lowest layer is an independent layer.     -   num_units_in_tick is the number of time units of a clock         operating at the frequency time_scale Hz that corresponds to one         increment (called a clock tick) of a clock tick counter.         num_units_in_tick shall be greater than 0. A clock tick, in         units of seconds, is equal to the quotient of num_units_in_tick         divided by time_scale. For example, when the picture rate of a         video signal is 25 Hz, time_scale may be equal to 27 000 000 and         num_units_in_tick may be equal to 1 080 000, and consequently a         clock tick may be equal to 0.04 seconds.     -   time_scale is the number of time units that pass in one second.         For example, a time coordinate system that measures time using a         27 MHz clock has a time_scale of 27 000 000. The value of time         scale shall be greater than 0.     -   general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         NAL HRD parameters (pertaining to Type II bitstream conformance         point) are present in the general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure. general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that NAL HRD parameters are not present in the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure.     -   NOTE—When general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 0, the         conformance of the bitstream cannot be verified without         provision of the NAL HRD parameters and all BP SEI messages,         and, when general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag is also equal to         0, all PT and DU information SEI messages, by some means not         specified in this Specification.     -   The variable NalHrdBpPresentFlag is derived as follows:         -   If one or more of the following conditions are true, the             value of NalHrdBpPresentFlag is set equal to 1:             -   general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag is present in the                 bitstream and is equal to 1.             -   The need for presence of BPs for NAL HRD operation to be                 present in the bitstream in BP SEI messages is                 determined by the application, by some means not                 specified in this Specification.         -   Otherwise, the value of NalHrdBpPresentFlag is set equal to             0.     -   general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         VCL HRD parameters (pertaining to Type I bitstream conformance         point) are present in the general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure. general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that VCL HRD parameters are not present in the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure.     -   NOTE—When general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 0, the         conformance of the bitstream cannot be verified without         provision of the VCL HRD parameters and all BP SEI messages, and         when general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag is also equal to 0, all         PT and DU information SEI messages, by some means not specified         in this Specification.     -   The variable VclHrdBpPresentFlag is derived as follows:         -   If one or more of the following conditions are true, the             value of VclHrdBpPresentFlag is set equal to 1:             -   general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag is present in the                 bitstream and is equal to 1.             -   The need for presence of BPs for VCL HRD operation to be                 present in the bitstream in BP SEI messages is                 determined by the application, by some means not                 specified in this Specification.         -   Otherwise, the value of VclHrdBpPresentFlag is set equal to             0.     -   The variable CpbDpbDelaysPresentFlag is derived as follows:         -   If one or more of the following conditions are true, the             value of CpbDpbDelaysPresentFlag is set equal to 1:             -   general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag is present in the                 bitstream and is equal to 1.             -   general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag is present in the                 bitstream and is equal to 1.             -   The need for presence of CPB and DPB output delays to be                 present in the bitstream in PT SEI messages is                 determined by the application, by some means not                 specified in this Specification.         -   Otherwise, the value of CpbDpbDelaysPresentFlag is set equal             to 0.     -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the values of         general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag and general         vcl_hrd_params_present_flag in each general_hrd_parameters( )         syntax structure shall not be both equal to 0.     -   general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1         specifies that DU level HRD parameters are present and the HRD         may operate at AU level or DU level.         general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0         specifies that DU level HRD parameters are not present and the         HRD operates at AU level. When         general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag is not present,         its value is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   tick_divisor_minus2 is used to specify the clock sub-tick. A         clock sub-tick is the minimum interval of time that can be         represented in the coded data when         general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1.     -   bit_rate_scale (together with bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j])         specifies the maximum input bit rate of the j-th CPB when Htid         is equal to i.     -   cpb_size_scale (together with cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j])         specifies the CPB size of the j-th CPB when Htid is equal to i         and when the CPB operates at the AU level.     -   cpb_size_du_scale (together with cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j])         specifies the CPB size of the j-th CPB when Htid is equal to i         and when the CPB operates at DU level.     -   hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of alternative         CPB delivery schedules. The value of hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1 shall be         in the range of 0 to 31, inclusive.

As described above, in JVET-P2001 when vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1 the syntax structure old_hrd_parameters( ) may be present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure. Further, as described above, in JVET-P2001 when sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is equal to 1 the syntax structure old_hrd_parameters( ) is present in the SPS RBSP syntax structure. Table 6 illustrates the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure provided in JVET-P2001.

TABLE 6 ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, maxSubLayers ) { Descriptor  for( i = firstSubLayer; i <= maxSubLayers; i++ ) {   fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( !fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[ i ] )    fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag[ i ] )    elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[ i ] ue(v)   else if( hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1 = = 0 )    low_delay_hrd_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( general_nal_hrd_params_present_flag )    sublayer_hrd_parameters( i )   if( general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag )    sublayer_hrd_parameters( i )  } }

-   -   With respect to Table 6, JVET-P2001 provides the following         semantics:     -   When an ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure is included in a         VPS, the OLSs to which the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax         structure applies are specified by the VPS. When an         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure is included in an SPS,         the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure applies to the OLS         that includes only the layer that is the lowest layer among the         layers that refer to the SPS, and this lowest layer is an         independent layer.     -   fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] equal to 1 indicates that, when         Htid is equal to i, the temporal distance between the HRD output         times of consecutive pictures in output order is constrained as         specified below. fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] equal to 0         indicates that this constraint may not apply.     -   When fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] is not present, it is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag[i] equal to 1 indicates that,         when Htid is equal to i, the temporal distance between the HRD         output times of consecutive pictures in output order is         constrained as specified below.         fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag[i] equal to 0 indicates that this         constraint may not apply.     -   When fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] is equal to 1, the value of         fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag[i] is inferred to be equal to 1.     -   elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[i] plus 1 (when present)         specifies, when Htid is equal to i, the temporal distance, in         clock ticks, between the elemental units that specify the HRD         output times of consecutive pictures in output order as         specified below. The value of elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[i]         shall be in the range of 0 to 2047, inclusive.     -   When Htid is equal to i and fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] is         equal to 1 for a CVS containing picture n, and picture n is a         picture that is output and is not the last picture in the         bitstream (in output order) that is output, the value of the         variable DpbOutputElementalInterval[n] is specified by:

DpbOutputElementalInterval[n]=DpbOutputInterval[n]÷ElementalOutputPeriods

-   -   where DpbOutputInterval[n] is specified in Equation C.16 and         ElementalOutputPeriods is specified as follows:         -   If a frame-field information SEI message is present for             picture n that contains a display_elemental_periods_minus1             syntax element, ElementalOutputPeriods is equal to the value             of display_elemental_periods_minus1+1.         -   Otherwise, ElementalOutputPeriods is equal to 1.     -   When Htid is equal to i and fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] is         equal to 1 for a CVS containing picture n, and picture n is a         picture that is output and is not the last picture in the         bitstream (in output order) that is output, the value computed         for DpbOutputElementalInterval[n] shall be equal to         ClockTick*(elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[i+1], wherein         ClockTick is as specified as         ClockTick=num_units_in_tick+time_scale (using the value of         ClockTick for the CVS containing picture n) when one of the         following conditions is true for the following picture in output         order nextPicInOutputOrder that is specified as as provided         below:         -   picture nextPicInOutputOrder is in the same CVS as picture             n.         -   picture nextPicInOutputOrder is in a different CVS and             fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i] is equal to 1 in the CVS             containing picture nextPicInOutputOrder, the value of             ClockTick is the same for both CVSs, and the value of             elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[i] is the same for both             CVSs.     -   When picture n is a picture that is output and is not the last         picture of the bitstream that is output, the value of the         variable DpbOutputInterval[n] is derived as follows:

DpbOutputInterval[n]=DpbOutputTime[nextPicInOutputOrder]−DpbOutputTime[n]

-   -   where nextPicInOutputOrder is the picture that follows picture n         in output order and has PictureOutputFlag equal to 1.     -   When Htid is equal to i and fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag[i] is         equal to 1 for a CVS containing picture n, and picture n is a         picture that is output and is not the last picture in the CVS         (in output order) that is output, the value computed for         DpbOutputElementalInterval[n] shall be equal to         ClockTick*(elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[i]+1), wherein         ClockTick is as specified provided above (using the value of         ClockTick for the CVS containing picture n) when the following         picture in output order nextPicInOutputOrder that is specified         for use in the equation specified above is in the same CVS as         picture n.     -   low_delay_hrd_flag[i] specifies the HRD operational mode, when         Htid is equal to i, as specified. When not present, the value of         low_delay_hrd_flag[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.         -   NOTE—When low_delay_hrd_flag[i] is equal to 1, “big             pictures” that violate the nominal CPB removal times due to             the number of bits used by an AU are permitted. It is             expected, but not required, that such “big pictures” occur             only occasionally.

As described above, in JVET-P2001 when sublayer_hrd_parameters( ) may be present in the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure. Table 7 illustrates the sub_layer_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure provided in JVET-P2001.

TABLE 7 sublayer_hrd_parameters( subLayerId ) { Descriptor  for( j = 0; j <= hrd_cpb_cnt_minus1; j++ ) {   bit_rate_value_minus1[ subLayerId ][ j ] ue(v)   cpb_size_value_minus1[ subLayerId ][ j ] ue(v)   if( general_decoding_unit_hrd_params_present_flag ) {    cpb_size_du_value_minus1[ subLayerId ][ j ] ue(v)    bit_rate_du_value_minus1[ subLayerId ][ j ] ue(v)   }   cbr_flag[ subLayerId ][ j ] u(1)  } }

-   -   With respect to Table 7, JVET-P2001 provides the following         semantics:     -   bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j] (together with bit_rate_scale)         specifies the maximum input bit rate for the j-th CPB with Htid         equal to i when the CPB operates at the AU level.         bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j] shall be in the range of 0 to 2³²−2,         inclusive. For any j greater than 0 and any particular value of         i, bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j] shall be greater than         bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j−1].     -   When DecodingUnitHrdFlag is equal to 0, the following applies:         -   The bit rate in bits per second is given by:

BitRate[i][j]=(bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j]+1)*2^((6+bit_rate_scale))

-   -   -   When the bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j] syntax element is not             present, it is inferred as follows:             -   If general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1,                 bit_rate_value_minus1[i][j] is inferred to be equal to                 bit_rate_value_minus1[sps_max_sublayers_minus1][j].             -   Otherwise (general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to                 0), the value of BitRate[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to CpbBrVclFactor*MaxBR for VCL HRD parameters and to be                 equal to CpbBrNalFactor*MaxBR for NAL HRD parameters,                 where MaxBR, CpbBrVclFactor and CpbBrNalFactor are                 specified for example as provided in Tables 8A-8C.

TABLE 8A Max CPB size Max luma  MaxCPB Max #  picture (CpbVclFactor or Max slices Max # of of tile  size  CpbNalFactor bits) per picture tile rows columns MaxLumaPs Main  High  MaxSlice- MaxTile- MaxTile- Level (samples) tier tier PerPicture Rows Cols 1 36 864 350 — 16 1 1 2 122 880 1 500 — 16 1 1 2.1 245 760 3 000 — 20 1 1 3 552 960 6 000 — 30 2 2 3.1 983 040 10 000 — 40 3 3 4 2 228 224 12 000 30 000 75 5 5 4.1 2 228 224 20 000 50 000 75 5 5 5 8 912 896 25 000 100 000 200 11 10 5.1 8 912 896 40 000 160 000 200 11 10 5.2 8 912 896 60 000 240 000 200 11 10 6 35 651 584 60 000 240 000 600 22 20 6.1 35 651 584 120 000 480 000 600 22 20 6.2 35 651 584 240 000 800 000 600 22 20

TABLE 8B Max bit rate MaxBR Min Max luma (BrVclFactor or compression sample rate BrNalFactor bits/s) ratio MinCrBase MaxLumaSr Main High Main High Level (sample/sec) Tier tier Tier tier 1    552 960   128 — 2 2 2    3 686 400  1 500 — 2 2 2.1    7 372 800  3 000 — 2 2 3   16 588 800  6 000 — 2 2 3.1   33 177 600 10 000 — 2 2 4   66 846 720 12 000  30 000 4 4 4.1   133 693 440 20 000  50 000 4 4 5   267 386 880 25 000 100 000 6 4 5.1   534 773 760 40 000 160 000 8 4 5.2 1 069 547 520 60 000 240 000 8 4 6 1 069 547 520 60 000 240 000 8 4 6.1 2 139 095 040 120 000 480 000 8 4 6.2 4 278 190 080 240 000 800 000 6 4

TABLE 8C Profile CpbVclFactor CpbNalFactor FormatCapabilityFactor MinCrScaleFactor Main 10 1 000 1 100 1.875 1.0 Main 4:4:4 10 2 500 2 750 3.750 0.5

-   -   cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j] is used together with cpb_size_scale         to specify the j-th CPB size with Htid equal to i when the CPB         operates at the AU level. cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j] shall be         in the range of 0 to 2³²−2, inclusive. For any j greater than 0         and any particular value of i, cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j] shall         be less than or equal to cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j−1].     -   When DecodingUnitHrdFlag is equal to 0, the following apples:         -   The CPB size in bits is given by:

CpbSize[i][j]=(cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j]+1)*2^((4+cpb_size_scale))

-   -   -   When the cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j] syntax element is not             present, it is inferred as follows:             -   If general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1,                 cpb_size_value_minus1[i][j] is inferred to be equal to                 cpb_size_value_minus1[sps_max_sublayers_minus1][j].             -   Otherwise (general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to                 0), the value of CpbSize[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to CpbBrVclFactor*MaxCPB for VCL HRD parameters and to                 be equal to CpbBrNalFactor*MaxCPB for NAL HRD                 parameters, where MaxCPB, CpbBrVclFactor and                 CpbBrNalFactor are specified above.

    -   cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j] is used together with         cpb_size_du_scale to specify the i-th CPB size with Htid equal         to i when the CPB operates at DU level.         cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j] shall be in the range of 0 to         2³²−2, inclusive. For any j greater than 0 and any particular         value of i, cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j] shall be less than or         equal to cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j−1].

    -   When DecodingUnitHrdFlag is equal to 1, the following applies:         -   The CPB size in bits is given by:

CpbSize[i][j]=(cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j]+1)*2^((4+cpb_size_du_scale))

-   -   -   When the cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j] syntax element is             not present, it is inferred as follows:             -   If general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1,                 cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to                 cpb_size_du_value_minus1[sps_max_sublayers_minus1][j].             -   Otherwise (general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to                 0), the value of CpbSize[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to CpbVclFactor*MaxCPB for VCL HRD parameters and to be                 equal to CpbNalFactor*MaxCPB for NAL HRD parameters,                 where MaxCPB, CpbVclFactor and CpbNalFactor are                 specified above.

    -   bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j] (together with bit_rate_scale)         specifies the maximum input bit rate for the j-th CPB with Htid         equal to i when the CPB operates at the DU level.         bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j] shall be in the range of 0 to         2³²−2, inclusive. For any j greater than 0 and any particular         value of i, bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j] shall be greater than         bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j−1].

    -   When DecodingUnitHrdFlag is equal to 1, the following applies:         -   The bit rate in bits per second is given by:

BitRate[i][j]=(bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j]+1)*2^((6+bit_rate_scale))

-   -   -   When the bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j] syntax element is             not present, it is inferred as follows:             -   If general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1,                 bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to                 bit_rate_du_value_minus1[sps_max_sublayers_minus1][j].             -   Otherwise (general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to                 0), the value of BitRate[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to BrVclFactor*MaxBR for VCL HRD parameters and to be                 equal to BrNalFactor*MaxBR for NAL HRD parameters, where                 MaxBR, BrVclFactor and BrNalFactor are specified above.

    -   cbr_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies that to decode this bitstream         by the HRD using the j-th CPB specification, the hypothetical         stream scheduler (HSS) operates in an intermittent bit rate         mode. cbr_flag[i][j] equal to 1 specifies that the HSS operates         in a constant bit rate (CBR) mode.

    -   When not present, the value of cbr_flag[i][j] it is inferred as         follows:         -   When the cbr_flag[i][j] syntax element is not present, it is             inferred as follows:             -   If general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1,                 cbr_flag[i][j] is inferred to be equal to                 cbr_flag[sps_max_sublayers_minus1][j].             -   Otherwise (general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to                 0), the value of cbr_flag[i][j] is inferred to be equal                 to 0.

As described above, in JVET-P2001 the syntax structure profile tier level( ) may be present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure. Further, as described above, in JVET-P2001 when sps_ptl_dpb_hrd_params_present_flag equal is equal to 1 the syntax structure profile_tier_level( ) is present in the SPS RBSP syntax structure. It should be noted that the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure may also be signaled in a decoding parameter set syntax structure. Table 9 illustrates the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure provided in JVET-P2001.

TABLE 9 profile_tier_level( profileTierPresentFlag, maxNumSubLayersMinus1 ) { Descriptor  if( profileTierPresentFlag ) {   general_profile_idc u(7)   general_tier_flag u(1)   general_constraint_info( )  }  general_level_idc u(8)  if( profileTierPresentFlag ) {   num_sub_profiles u(8)   for( i = 0; i < num_sub_profiles; i++ )    general_sub_profile_idc[ i ] u(32)  }  for( i = 0; i < maxNumSubLayersMinus1; i++ )   sublayer_level_present_flag[ i ] u(1)  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   ptl_alignment_zero_bit f(1)  for( i = 0; i < maxNumSubLayersMinus1; i++ )   if( sublayer_level_present_flag[ i ] )    sublayer_level_idc[ i ] u(8) }

-   -   With respect to Table 9, JVET-P2001 provides the following         semantics:     -   A profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure provides level         information and, optionally, profile, tier, sub-profile, and         general constraints information.     -   When the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure is included in a         DPS, the OlsInScope is OLS that includes all layers in the the         entire bitstream that refers to the DPS. When the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure is included in a VPS, the         OlsInScope is one or more OLSs specified by the VPS. When the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure is included in an SPS,         the OlsInScope is the the OLS that includes only the layer that         is the lowest layer among the layers that refer to the SPS, and         this lowest layer is an independent layer.     -   general_profile_idc indicates a profile to which OlsInScope         conforms as specified. Bitstreams shall not contain values of         general_profile_idc other than those specified. Other values of         general_profile_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T         ISO/IEC.     -   general_tier_flag specifies the tier context for the         interpretation of general_level_idc as specified.     -   general_level_idc indicates a level to which OlsInScope conforms         as specified. Bitstreams shall not contain values of         general_level_idc other than those specified. Other values of         general_level_idc are reserved for future use by ITU-T ISO/IEC.         -   NOTE—A greater value of general_level_idc indicates a higher             level. The maximum level signalled in the DPS for OlsInScope             may be higher than the level signalled in the SPS for a CVS             contained within OlsInScope.         -   NOTE—When OlsInScope conforms to multiple profiles,             general_profile_idc should indicate the profile that             provides the preferred decoded result or the preferred             bitstream identification, as determined by the encoder (in a             manner not specified in this Specification).         -   NOTE—When the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure is             included in a DPS and CVSs of OlsInScope conform to             different profiles, general_profile_idc and level_idc should             indicate the profile and level for a decoder that is capable             of decoding OlsInScope.     -   num_sub_profiles specifies the number of the         general_sub_profile_idc[i] syntax elements.     -   general_sub_profile_idc[i] indicates the i-th interoperability         metadata registered as specified, the contents of which are not         specified in this Specification.     -   sublayer_level_present_flag[i] equal to 1 specifies that level         information is present in the profile_tier_level( ) syntax         structure for the sublayer representation with TemporalId equal         to i. sublayer_level_present_flag[i] equal to 0 specifies that         level information is not present in the profile_tier_level( )         syntax structure for the sublayer representation with TemporalId         equal to i.     -   ptl_alignment_zero_bits shall be equal to 0.     -   The semantics of the syntax element sublayer_level_idc[i] is,         apart from the specification of the inference of not present         values, the same as the syntax element general_level_idc, but         apply to the sublayer representation with TemporalId equal to i.         When not present, the value of sublayer_level_idc[i] is inferred         as follows:         -   sublayer_level_idc[maxNumSubLayersMinus1] is inferred to be             equal to general_level_idc of the same profile_tier_level( )             structure,         -   For i from maxNumSubLayersMinus1−1 to 0 (in decreasing order             of values of i), inclusive, sublayer_level_idc[i] is             inferred to be equal to sublayer level_idc[i+1].             The signaling of HRD parameters for output layer set in             JVET-P2001 is less than ideal. In particular, as provided             above, in JVET-P2001, when each layer is an output layer             set, the HRD parameters for the output layer set do not need             to be signaled in a VPS as they are already specified in the             SPS. Further, in JVET-P2001, when each layer is an output             layer set, the profile-tier-level information for each             output layer set is not signalled via ols_ptl_idx[i], which             specifies the index, to the list of profile_tier_level( )             syntax structures. According to the techniques herein, in             one example, HRD parameters related information in VPS are             conditionally signaled when each layer is an OLS. Further,             in one example, the profile_tier_level( ) structures and             associated syntax elements (vps_num_ptls,             pt_present_flag[i], ptl_max_temporal_id[i],             vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit and ols_ptl_idx[i]) are             conditionally signaled. The conditional signalling provides             bit-savings and simplifies the parsing operation at a             decoder.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system that may be configured to code (i.e., encode and/or decode) video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure. System 100 represents an example of a system that may encapsulate video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1 , system 100 includes source device 102, communications medium 110, and destination device 120. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1 , source device 102 may include any device configured to encode video data and transmit encoded video data to communications medium 110. Destination device 120 may include any device configured to receive encoded video data via communications medium 110 and to decode encoded video data. Source device 102 and/or destination device 120 may include computing devices equipped for wired and/or wireless communications and may include, for example, set top boxes, digital video recorders, televisions, desktop, laptop or tablet computers, gaming consoles, medical imagining devices, and mobile devices, including, for example, smartphones, cellular telephones, personal gaming devices.

Communications medium 110 may include any combination of wireless and wired communication media, and/or storage devices. Communications medium 110 may include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, wireless transmitters and receivers, routers, switches, repeaters, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communications between various devices and sites. Communications medium 110 may include one or more networks. For example, communications medium 110 may include a network configured to enable access to the World Wide Web, for example, the Internet. A network may operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Telecommunications protocols may include proprietary aspects and/or may include standardized telecommunication protocols. Examples of standardized telecommunications protocols include Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) standards, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standards, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) standards, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standards, Global System Mobile Communications (GSM) standards, code division multiple access (CDMA) standards, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards, Internet Protocol (IP) standards, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) standards, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards.

Storage devices may include any type of device or storage medium capable of storing data. A storage medium may include a tangible or non-transitory computer-readable media. A computer readable medium may include optical discs, flash memory, magnetic memory, or any other suitable digital storage media. In some examples, a memory device or portions thereof may be described as non-volatile memory and in other examples portions of memory devices may be described as volatile memory. Examples of volatile memories may include random access memories (RAM), dynamic random access memories (DRAM), and static random access memories (SRAM). Examples of non-volatile memories may include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories. Storage device(s) may include memory cards (e.g., a Secure Digital (SD) memory card), internal/external hard disk drives, and/or internal/external solid state drives. Data may be stored on a storage device according to a defined file format.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual drawing illustrating an example of components that may be included in an implementation of system 100. In the example implementation illustrated in FIG. 4 , system 100 includes one or more computing devices 402A-402N, television service network 404, television service provider site 406, wide area network 408, local area network 410, and one or more content provider sites 412A-412N. The implementation illustrated in FIG. 4 represents an example of a system that may be configured to allow digital media content, such as, for example, a movie, a live sporting event, etc., and data and applications and media presentations associated therewith to be distributed to and accessed by a plurality of computing devices, such as computing devices 402A-402N. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4 , computing devices 402A-402N may include any device configured to receive data from one or more of television service network 404, wide area network 408, and/or local area network 410. For example, computing devices 402A-402N may be equipped for wired and/or wireless communications and may be configured to receive services through one or more data channels and may include televisions, including so-called smart televisions, set top boxes, and digital video recorders. Further, computing devices 402A-402N may include desktop, laptop, or tablet computers, gaming consoles, mobile devices, including, for example, “smart” phones, cellular telephones, and personal gaming devices.

Television service network 404 is an example of a network configured to enable digital media content, which may include television services, to be distributed. For example, television service network 404 may include public over-the-air television networks, public or subscription-based satellite television service provider networks, and public or subscription-based cable television provider networks and/or over the top or Internet service providers. It should be noted that although in some examples television service network 404 may primarily be used to enable television services to be provided, television service network 404 may also enable other types of data and services to be provided according to any combination of the telecommunication protocols described herein. Further, it should be noted that in some examples, television service network 404 may enable two-way communications between television service provider site 406 and one or more of computing devices 402A-402N. Television service network 404 may comprise any combination of wireless and/or wired communication media. Television service network 404 may include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, wireless transmitters and receivers, routers, switches, repeaters, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communications between various devices and sites. Television service network 404 may operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Telecommunications protocols may include proprietary aspects and/or may include standardized telecommunication protocols. Examples of standardized telecommunications protocols include DVB standards, ATSC standards, ISDB standards, DTMB standards, DMB standards, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) standards, HbbTV standards, W3C standards, and UPnP standards.

Referring again to FIG. 4 , television service provider site 406 may be configured to distribute television service via television service network 404. For example, television service provider site 406 may include one or more broadcast stations, a cable television provider, or a satellite television provider, or an Internet-based television provider. For example, television service provider site 406 may be configured to receive a transmission including television programming through a satellite uplink/downlink. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 4 , television service provider site 406 may be in communication with wide area network 408 and may be configured to receive data from content provider sites 412A-412N. It should be noted that in some examples, television service provider site 406 may include a television studio and content may originate therefrom.

Wide area network 408 may include a packet based network and operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Telecommunications protocols may include proprietary aspects and/or may include standardized telecommunication protocols. Examples of standardized telecommunications protocols include Global System Mobile Communications (GSM) standards, code division multiple access (CDMA) standards, 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards, European standards (EN), IP standards, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) standards, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards, such as, for example, one or more of the IEEE 802 standards (e.g., Wi-Fi). Wide area network 408 may comprise any combination of wireless and/or wired communication media. Wide area network 408 may include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, twisted pair cables, Ethernet cables, wireless transmitters and receivers, routers, switches, repeaters, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communications between various devices and sites. In one example, wide area network 408 may include the Internet. Local area network 410 may include a packet based network and operate according to a combination of one or more telecommunication protocols. Local area network 410 may be distinguished from wide area network 408 based on levels of access and/or physical infrastructure. For example, local area network 410 may include a secure home network.

Referring again to FIG. 4 , content provider sites 412A-412N represent examples of sites that may provide multimedia content to television service provider site 406 and/or computing devices 402A-402N. For example, a content provider site may include a studio having one or more studio content servers configured to provide multimedia files and/or streams to television service provider site 406. In one example, content provider sites 412A-412N may be configured to provide multimedia content using the IP suite. For example, a content provider site may be configured to provide multimedia content to a receiver device according to Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), HTTP, or the like. Further, content provider sites 412A-412N may be configured to provide data, including hypertext based content, and the like, to one or more of receiver devices computing devices 402A-402N and/or television service provider site 406 through wide area network 408. Content provider sites 412A-412N may include one or more web servers. Data provided by data provider site 412A-412N may be defined according to data formats.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , source device 102 includes video source 104, video encoder 106, data encapsulator 107, and interface 108. Video source 104 may include any device configured to capture and/or store video data. For example, video source 104 may include a video camera and a storage device operably coupled thereto. Video encoder 106 may include any device configured to receive video data and generate a compliant bitstream representing the video data. A compliant bitstream may refer to a bitstream that a video decoder can receive and reproduce video data therefrom. Aspects of a compliant bitstream may be defined according to a video coding standard. When generating a compliant bitstream video encoder 106 may compress video data. Compression may be lossy (discernible or indiscernible to a viewer) or lossless. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of video encoder 500 that may implement the techniques for encoding video data described herein. It should be noted that although example video encoder 500 is illustrated as having distinct functional blocks, such an illustration is for descriptive purposes and does not limit video encoder 500 and/or sub-components thereof to a particular hardware or software architecture. Functions of video encoder 500 may be realized using any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software implementations.

Video encoder 500 may perform intra prediction coding and inter prediction coding of picture areas, and, as such, may be referred to as a hybrid video encoder. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 receives source video blocks. In some examples, source video blocks may include areas of picture that has been divided according to a coding structure. For example, source video data may include macroblocks, CTUs, CBs, sub-divisions thereof, and/or another equivalent coding unit. In some examples, video encoder 500 may be configured to perform additional subdivisions of source video blocks. It should be noted that the techniques described herein are generally applicable to video coding, regardless of how source video data is partitioned prior to and/or during encoding. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 includes summer 502, transform coefficient generator 504, coefficient quantization unit 506, inverse quantization and transform coefficient processing unit 508, summer 510, intra prediction processing unit 512, inter prediction processing unit 514, filter unit 516, and entropy encoding unit 518. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 receives source video blocks and outputs a bitstream.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , video encoder 500 may generate residual data by subtracting a predictive video block from a source video block. The selection of a predictive video block is described in detail below. Summer 502 represents a component configured to perform this subtraction operation. In one example, the subtraction of video blocks occurs in the pixel domain. Transform coefficient generator 504 applies a transform, such as a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a discrete sine transform (DST), or a conceptually similar transform, to the residual block or subdivisions thereof (e.g., four 8×8 transforms may be applied to a 16×16 array of residual values) to produce a set of residual transform coefficients. Transform coefficient generator 504 may be configured to perform any and all combinations of the transforms included in the family of discrete trigonometric transforms, including approximations thereof. Transform coefficient generator 504 may output transform coefficients to coefficient quantization unit 506. Coefficient quantization unit 506 may be configured to perform quantization of the transform coefficients. The quantization process may reduce the bit depth associated with some or all of the coefficients. The degree of quantization may alter the rate-distortion (i.e., bit-rate vs. quality of video) of encoded video data. The degree of quantization may be modified by adjusting a quantization parameter (QP). A quantization parameter may be determined based on slice level values and/or CU level values (e.g., CU delta QP values). QP data may include any data used to determine a QP for quantizing a particular set of transform coefficients. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , quantized transform coefficients (which may be referred to as level values) are output to inverse quantization and transform coefficient processing unit 508. Inverse quantization and transform coefficient processing unit 508 may be configured to apply an inverse quantization and an inverse transformation to generate reconstructed residual data. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , at summer 510, reconstructed residual data may be added to a predictive video block. In this manner, an encoded video block may be reconstructed and the resulting reconstructed video block may be used to evaluate the encoding quality for a given prediction, transformation, and/or quantization. Video encoder 500 may be configured to perform multiple coding passes (e.g., perform encoding while varying one or more of a prediction, transformation parameters, and quantization parameters). The rate-distortion of a bitstream or other system parameters may be optimized based on evaluation of reconstructed video blocks. Further, reconstructed video blocks may be stored and used as reference for predicting subsequent blocks.

Referring again to FIG. 5 , intra prediction processing unit 512 may be configured to select an intra prediction mode for a video block to be coded. Intra prediction processing unit 512 may be configured to evaluate a frame and determine an intra prediction mode to use to encode a current block. As described above, possible intra prediction modes may include planar prediction modes, DC prediction modes, and angular prediction modes. Further, it should be noted that in some examples, a prediction mode for a chroma component may be inferred from a prediction mode for a luma prediction mode. Intra prediction processing unit 512 may select an intra prediction mode after performing one or more coding passes. Further, in one example, intra prediction processing unit 512 may select a prediction mode based on a rate-distortion analysis. As illustrated in FIG. 5 , intra prediction processing unit 512 outputs intra prediction data (e.g., syntax elements) to entropy encoding unit 518 and transform coefficient generator 504. As described above, a transform performed on residual data may be mode dependent (e.g., a secondary transform matrix may be determined based on a prediction mode).

Referring again to FIG. 5 , inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to perform inter prediction coding for a current video block. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to receive source video blocks and calculate a motion vector for PUs of a video block. A motion vector may indicate the displacement of a prediction unit of a video block within a current video frame relative to a predictive block within a reference frame. Inter prediction coding may use one or more reference pictures. Further, motion prediction may be uni-predictive (use one motion vector) or bi-predictive (use two motion vectors). Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to select a predictive block by calculating a pixel difference determined by, for example, sum of absolute difference (SAD), sum of square difference (SSD), or other difference metrics. As described above, a motion vector may be determined and specified according to motion vector prediction. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to perform motion vector prediction, as described above. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may be configured to generate a predictive block using the motion prediction data. For example, inter prediction processing unit 514 may locate a predictive video block within a frame buffer (not shown in FIG. 5 ). It should be noted that inter prediction processing unit 514 may further be configured to apply one or more interpolation filters to a reconstructed residual block to calculate sub-integer pixel values for use in motion estimation. Inter prediction processing unit 514 may output motion prediction data for a calculated motion vector to entropy encoding unit 518.

Referring again to FIG. 5 , filter unit 516 receives reconstructed video blocks and coding parameters and outputs modified reconstructed video data. Filter unit 516 may be configured to perform deblocking and/or Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) filtering. SAO filtering is a non-linear amplitude mapping that may be used to improve reconstruction by adding an offset to reconstructed video data. It should be noted that as illustrated in FIG. 5 , intra prediction processing unit 512 and inter prediction processing unit 514 may receive modified reconstructed video block via filter unit 216. Entropy encoding unit 518 receives quantized transform coefficients and predictive syntax data (i.e., intra prediction data and motion prediction data). It should be noted that in some examples, coefficient quantization unit 506 may perform a scan of a matrix including quantized transform coefficients before the coefficients are output to entropy encoding unit 518. In other examples, entropy encoding unit 518 may perform a scan. Entropy encoding unit 518 may be configured to perform entropy encoding according to one or more of the techniques described herein. In this manner, video encoder 500 represents an example of a device configured to generate encoded video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , data encapsulator 107 may receive encoded video data and generate a compliant bitstream, e.g., a sequence of NAL units according to a defined data structure. A device receiving a compliant bitstream can reproduce video data therefrom. Further, as described above, sub-bitstream extraction may refer to a process where a device receiving a ITU-T H.265 compliant bitstream forms a new ITU-T H.265 compliant bitstream by discarding and/or modifying data in the received bitstream. It should be noted that the term conforming bitstream may be used in place of the term compliant bitstream. In one example, data encapsulator 107 may be configured to generate syntax according to one or more techniques described herein. It should be noted that data encapsulator 107 need not necessary be located in the same physical device as video encoder 106. For example, functions described as being performed by video encoder 106 and data encapsulator 107 may be distributed among devices illustrated in FIG. 4 .

As described above, the signaling of HRD parameters for output layer set in JVET-P2001 is less than ideal. Further, in JVET-P2001, when each layer is an output layer set, the profile-tier-level information for each output layer set is not signalled via ols_ptl_idx[i], which specifies the index, to the list of profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures. According to the techniques herein, in one example, HRD parameters related information in VPS are conditionally signaled when each layer is an OLS. It should be noted that the term OLS may be used interchangeably with the term output layer set. Furthermore, in one example OLS may instead be called by some other name, e.g., set of output layers or layer set or output layer collection, etc. Table 10A and Table 10B illustrate examples of a video_parameter_set( ) syntax structure, where when each layer is an OLS, HRD parameters are conditionally signaled, according to the techniques herein.

TABLE 10A video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) { Descriptor  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps _max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] uf(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols_flag u(1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets_minus1; i++)      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  }  vps_num_ptls u(8)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > l )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)  if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue(v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag u(1)  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_dpb_params; i++ ) {   dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)   dpb_parameters( dpb_size_only_flag[ i ], dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ],       vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag )  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1 && vps_num_dpb_params > 1; i++ ) {   if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )    layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)   if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag )    layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)  } if(!each_layer_is_an_ols_flag) {  vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   general_hrd_parameters( )   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)   if( TotalNumOlss > 1 )         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 ue(v)        for( i = 0; i <= num_ols_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {    if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )     hrd_max_tid[ i ] u(3)    firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : hrd_max_tid[ i ]    ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, hrd_max_temporal_id[ i ] )   }   if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )    for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )     ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)  } }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if( vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

TABLE 10B Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && ! vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minusl > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols_flag u(1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets_minus1; i ++ )      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  }  vps_num_ptls u(8)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > l )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)  if( !vps_all_independent_layers flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue(v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present flag u(1)  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_dpb_params; i++ ) {   dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)   dpb_parameters( dpb_size_only_flag[ i ], dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ],       vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag )  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1 && vps_num_dpb_params > 1; i++ ) {   if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )    layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)   if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag )    layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)  } if(!each_layer_is_an_ols _flag) {  vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   general_hrd_parameters( )   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)   if( TotalNumOlss > 1 )         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 ue(v)        for( i = 0; i <= num_ols_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {    if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )     hrd_max_tid[ i ] u(3)    firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : hrd_max_tid[ i ]    ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, hrd_max_temporal_id[ i ] )   }   if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )    for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )     ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)  }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if( vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

-   -   With respect to Table 10A, the semantics may be based on the         semantics provided above, with the following the semantics for         syntax elements vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag,         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag, num_ols_hrd_params_minus1,         hrd_max_tid[i], ols_hrd_idx[i]:     -   vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) and other HRD         parameters are present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) and other HRD         parameters are not present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.     -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the         i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the         i-th OLS.     -   In one example:     -   When not present vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is inferred         to be equal to sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag present in         the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.     -   In another example:     -   When not present vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is inferred         to be equal to 0.     -   In another example:     -   When not present vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is inferred         to be equal to 1.     -   vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the i-th ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS         contains HRD parameters for the sublayer representations with         TemporalId in the range of 0 to hrd_max_tid[i], inclusive.         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the i-th ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in the VPS         contains HRD parameters for the sublayer representation with         TemporalId equal to hrd_max_tid[i] only. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is inferred to be equal to         0.     -   When vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is equal to 0, the HRD         parameters for the sublayer representations with TemporalId in         the range of 0 to hrd_max_tid[i]−1, inclusive, are inferred to         be the same as that for the sublayer representation with         TemporalId equal to hrd_max_tid[i]. These include the HRD         parameters starting from the fixed_pic_rate_general_flag[i]         syntax element till the sublayer_hrd_parameters(i) syntax         structure immediately under the condition         “if(general_vcl_hrd_params_present_flag)” in the         ols_hrd_parameters syntax structure.     -   When not present vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is         inferred to be equal to sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag         present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.     -   In another example:     -   When not present vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is         inferred to be equal to 0. In another example:     -   When not present vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag is         inferred to be equal to 1.     -   num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures present in the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure. The value of         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 63,         inclusive. When TotalNumOlss is less than or equal to (or equal         to) 1, the value of num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 is inferred to be         equal to 0.     -   In one example: when not present num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 is         inferred to be equal to −1.     -   hrd_max_tid[i] specifies the TemporalId of the highest sublayer         representation for which the HRD parameters are contained in the         i-th ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure. The value of         hrd_max_tid[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1, inclusive. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         hrd_max_tid[i] is inferred to be equal to 0. When         vps_max_sublayers_minus1 is greater than 0 and         vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag is equal to 1, the value         of hrd_max_tid[i] is inferred to be equal to         vps_max_sublayers_minus1.     -   In one example: When not present hrd_max_tid[i] is inferred to         be equal to 0.     -   ols_hrd_idx[i] specifies the index of the ols_hrd_parameters( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS. The value of         ols_hrd_idx[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1, inclusive.     -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, the the         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th         OLS.     -   When not present and when each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to         0, the value of ols_hrd_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   In another example:     -   When not present and when num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 is equal to         0, the value of ols_hrd_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   With respect to Table 10B, the semantics may be based on the         semantics provided above, including the semantics provided for         Table 10A, with the following the semantics for syntax elements         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag, and ols_hrd_idx[i]:     -   vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 1 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) and other HRD         parameters are present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag equal to 0 specifies that         the syntax structure general_hrd_parameters( ) and other HRD         parameters are not present in the VPS RBSP syntax structure.         When not present vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is inferred         to be equal to 0.     -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, and         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax is not present in VPS, the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the         i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the         i-th OLS.     -   ols_hrd_idx[i] specifies the index of the ols_hrd_parameters( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS. The value of         ols_hrd_idx[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1, inclusive. When         each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, and ols_hrd_idx[i] is         not present, the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that         applies to the i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the         layer in the i-th OLS.     -   With respect to Tables 10A-10B, in an example the condition         if(!each_layer_is_an_ols_flag) may be replaced (or augmented for         example logically ORed or logically ANDed) with the condition         if(!vps_all_independent_layers_flag). In another example, when         each layer is an output layer set (for example when         each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1), the syntax structure         may not signal only some of the syntax elements:         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag,         vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag, num_ols_hrd_params_minus1,         hrd_max_tid[i], general_hrd_parameters( ),         ols_hrd_parameters(firstSubLayer, hrd_max_temporal_id[i]. When         one or more of these syntax elements is not signalled in this         case, its value will be inferred.     -   In one example with respect to Tables 10A-10B, the for loop:         for(i=0; i<TotalNumOlss; i++) may instead be a for loop as:         for(i=1; i<TotalNumOlss; i++).     -   In another example following conformance constraint and         inferences may be required:     -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1,         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag shall be equal to 0 and in         this case the following applies:         -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, the             general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to             the i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the layer             in the i-th OLS.         -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, the the             ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the             i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the layer in             the i-th OLS.     -   In another example when each layer is an output layer set (for         example when each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1), HRD         parameters for each OLS (and thus each layer) may be signalled         in VPS. In this case bitstream conformance constraints will         require them to be the same as those in SPS. This may be         specified as follows:     -   When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, and when         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1 (one or more         of the) following are the requirements of bitstream conformance:         -   general_hrd_parameters( ) structure included in the VPS             shall be identical to each of the (in an example to at least             one of the) general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in             the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.         -   The ols_hrd_parameters( ) structure included in the VPS             shall be identical to each of the (in an example to at least             one of the) the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure in             the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.         -   vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag shall be equal to             sps_general_hrd_params_present_flag in each of the (in an             example to at least one of the) SPS referred to by the layer             in the i-th OLS.         -   vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag shall be equal to             sps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag in each of the (in an             example to at least one of the) SPS referred to by the layer             in the i-th OLS.             As described above, in JVET-P2001, when each layer is an             output layer set, the profile-tier-level information for             each output layer set is not signalled via ols_ptl_idx[i],             which specifies the index, to the list of             profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures. Table 11A and Table             11B illustrate examples of a video_parameter_set( ) syntax             structure, where the profile_tier_level( ) structures and             associated syntax elements are conditionally signaled.

TABLE 11A Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minusl > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  }  if( vps max_layers_minusl > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols _flag u(1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets_minus1; i ++ )      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  } if(!each_layer_is_an_ols_flag) {  vps_num_ptls u(8)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if(i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > 1 )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8) }  if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue(v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag u(1)  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_dpb_params; i++ ) {   dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)   dpb_parameters( dpb_size_only_flag[ i ], dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ],       vps_sublayer_dpb__params_present_flag )  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1 && vps_num_dpb_params > 1; i++ ) {   if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )    layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)   if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag )    layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)  }  vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   general_hrd_parameters( )   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)   if( TotalNumOlss > 1 )       num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 ue(v)      for( i = 0; i <= num_ols_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {    if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 >0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )     hrd_max_tid[ i ] u(3)    firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : hrd_max_tid[ i ]    ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, hrd_max_temporal_id[ i ] )   }   if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )    for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )     ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)  }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if( vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

TABLE 11B Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols_flag u(1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets_minus1; i ++)      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  } if(!each_layer_is_an_ols _flag)  vps_num_ptls u(8)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > l )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)  if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue(v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput flag u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag u(1)  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_dpb_params; i++ ) {   dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)   dpb_parameters( dpb_size_only_flag[ i ], dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ],       vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag )  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1 && vps_num_dpb_params > 1; i++ ) {   if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )    layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)   if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag )    layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)  }  vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag ) {   general_hrd_parameters( )   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)   if( TotalNumOlss > 1 )         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 ue(v)        for( i = 0; i <= num_ols_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {     if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )      hrd_max_tid[ i ] u(3)     firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : hrd_max_tid[ i ]     ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, hrd_max_temporal_id[ i ] )    }    if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )     for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )      ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)  }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if( vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ))    vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

-   -   With respect to Table 11A and Table 11B, the semantics may be         based on the semantics provided above, with the following the         semantics for syntax elements each_layer_is_an_ols_flag and         vps_num_ptls:     -   each_layer_is_an_ols_flag equal to 1 specifies that each OLS         contains only one layer and each layer itself in a CVS referring         to the VPS is an OLS with the single included layer being the         only output layer. each_layer_is_an_ols_flag equal to 0 that an         OLS may contain more than one layer. If vps_max_layers_minus1 is         equal to 0, the value of each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is inferred         to be equal to 1. Otherwise, when         vps_all_independent_layers_flag is equal to 0, the value of         each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   vps_num_ptls specifies the number of profile_tier_level( )         syntax structures in the VPS. When not present vps_num_ptls is         inferred to be equal to 0. When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is         equal to 1, the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that         applies to the i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the         layer in the i-th OLS.     -   In one example with respect to Tables 11A-11B, the for loop:         for(i=0; i<TotalNumOlss; i++) may instead be a for loop as:         for(i=1; i<TotalNumOlss; i++).         In an example the condition if(!each_layer_is_an_ols_flag) may         be replaced (or augmented for example logically ORed or         logically ANDed) with the condition         if(!vps_all_independent_layers_flag).

Additionally, in one example, the signaling of profile, tier, level related information may be conditioned based on the value of vps_max_layers_minus1 syntax element. For example, the condition if(!each_layer_is_an_ols_flag) may be augmented as: if(!each_layer_is_an_ols_flag && vps_max_layers_minus1>0) or if(vps_max_layers_minus1>0).

In another example, when each layer is a output layer set (i.e., each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1), the syntax structure may not signal only some of the syntax elements: vps_num_ptls, pt_present_flag[i], pt_max_temporal_id[i], vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit, ols_ptl_idx[i], profile_tier_level(pt_present_flag[i], ptl_max_temporal_id[i]). When one or more of these syntax elements is not signalled in this case, its value will be inferred.

In another example following conformance constraint and inference may be required:

When each_layer_is_an_ols_flag is equal to 1, vps_num_ptls shall be equal to 0 and in this case the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is present in the SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.

Further, it should be noted that according to the techniques herein any of the examples respectively described above with respect to Tables 10A-10B and Tables 11A-11B may be combined. That is, for example, in a video_parameter_set( ) syntax structure, HRD parameters may be conditionally signaled, when each layer is an OLS and profile_tier_level( ) structures and associated syntax elements may be conditionally signaled.

In one example, according to the techniques herein, in the case where the total number of output layer sets with more than one layer is equal to the number of profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS, the index, to the list of profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is not signalled, instead it is inferred. It should be noted that if the number of output layer sets, each of which have more than one layer in them, is equal to the number of profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures signalled in the VPS, then it is required that those profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures be signalled in the order that matches the order of output layer sets each of which have more than one layer in them. Thus, indexes may be inferred in this case. Table 12 illustrates the relevant portion of a video_parameter_set( ) syntax structure according to the techniques herein.

TABLE 12 Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus 1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols_flag u(1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets_minus1; i ++)      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  }  vps_num_ptls u(8)  for( i = 0: i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ))   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )   if( (TotalNumOlss-NumSingleLayerOlss) != vps_num_ptls) {   for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > l )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)   }  if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue(v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_sublayers_minusl > 0 )   vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag u(1)  } ... }

-   -   With respect to Table 12, the semantics may be based on the         semantics provided above, with the following the semantics for         syntax elements ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] and ols_ptl_idx[i]:     -   ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 1 specifies that the layer         with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] is an output layer of         the i-th OLS when ols_mode_idc is equal to 2.         ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] equal to 0 specifies that the layer         with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[j] is not an output         layer of the i-th OLS when ols_mode_idc is equal to 2.     -   The variable NumOutputLayersInOls[i], specifying the number of         output layers in the i-th OLS, and the variable         OutputLayerIdInOls[i][j], specifying the nuh_layer_id value of         the j-th output layer in the i-th OLS, are derived as follows:

  NumOutputLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 OutputLayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ ) {  if( each_layer_is_an_ols_flag | | ols_mode_idc = = 0 ) {   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )    OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )    layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ j ] = 0   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ k ] ) {     layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ j ] = 1     OutputLayerIdx[ i ][ j ] = k     OutputLayerIdInOls[ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]    }   NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ] = j   for( j = 0; j < NumOutputLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ ) {    idx = OutputLayerIdx[ i ][ j ]    for( k = 0; k < NumRefLayers[ idx ]; k++ )     layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ RefLayerIdx[ idx ][ k ] ] = 1   }  } }

-   -   For each OLS, there shall be at least one layer that is an         output layer. In other words, for any value of i in the range of         0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive, the value of         NumOutputLayersInOls[i] shall be greater than or equal to 1.     -   The variable NumLayersInOls[i], specifying the number of layers         in the i-th OLS, and the variable LayerIdInOls[i][j], specifying         the nuh_layer_id value of the j-th layer in the i-th OLS, are         derived as follows:

  NumLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 LayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] for( i = 1, NumSingleLayerOlss=1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ ) {  if( each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   LayerIdInOls[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 0 | | ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )    LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( layerIncludedFlag[ i ][ k ] )     LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = j  }  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] == 1 )   NumSingleLayerOlss++ }

-   -   NOTE—The 0-th OLS contains only the lowest layer (i.e., the         layer with nuh_layer_id equal to vps_layer_id[0]) and for the         0-th OLS the only included layer is output.     -   The variable OlsLayeIdx[i][j], specifying the OLS layer index of         the layer with nuh_layer_id equal to LayerIdInOls[i][j], is         derived as follows:

for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  for j = 0; j < NumLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )   OlsLayeIdx[ i ][ LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] ] = j

-   -   The lowest layer in each OLS shall be an independent layer. In         other words, for each i in the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss−1,         inclusive, the value of         vps_independent_layer_flag[GeneralLayerIdx[LayerIdInOls[i][0]]]         shall be equal to 1.     -   Each layer shall be included in at least one OLS specified by         the VPS. In other words, for each layer with a particular value         of nuh_layer_id nuhLayerId, equal to one of vps_layer_id[k] for         k in the range of 0 to vps_max_layers_minus1, inclusive, there         shall be at least one pair of values of I and j, where I is in         the range of 0 to TotalNumOlss−1, inclusive, and j is in the         range of NumLayersInOls[I]−1, inclusive, such that the value of         LayerIdInOls[I][j] is equal to nuhLayerId.     -   ols_ptl_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list of         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         OLS when NumLayersInOls[i] is greater than 1. When present, the         value of ols_ptl_idx[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_num_ptls−1, inclusive.     -   When not present, ols_ptl_idx[i] is inferred as follows:

-If (TotalNumOlss-NumSingleLayerOlss)  is equal to vps_num_ptls: for( i = 0, j = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] != 1 ) {   Infer ols_ptl_idx[ i ] to be equal to j   j = j+1  }

-   -   -   Otherwise (i.e. when (TotalNumOlss−NumSingleLayerOlss) is             not equal to vps_num_ptls and when NumLayersInOls[i] is not             equal to 1 and vps_num_ptls is equal to 1), ols_ptl_idx[i]             is inferred to be equal to 0.

    -   When NumLayersInOls[i] is equal to 1, the profile_tier_level( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is present in the         SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.

    -   In another example, part of the above inference may be written         as follows:

if (TotalNumOlss-NumSingleLayerOlss) == vps_num_ptls)  for( i = 0, j = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] != 1 )    Infer ols_ptl_idx[ i ] to be equal to j++

-   -   In JVET-P2001, if vps_num_ptls is equal to 1 and         NumLayersInOls[i] is greater than 1, ols_ptl_idx[i] is not         signalled and not inferred. In another example, according to the         techniques herein, the semantics of ols_ptl_idx[i] may be based         on the following:     -   ols_ptl_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list of         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         profile_tier_level( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         OLS when NumLayersInOls[i] is greater than 1. When present, the         value of ols_ptl_idx[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         vps_num_ptls−1, inclusive.     -   When NumLayersInOls[i] is equal to 1, the profile_tier_level( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is present in the         SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.     -   When ols_ptl_idx[i] is not present and vps_num_ptls is equal to         1 and NumLayersInOls[i] is greater than 1, ols_ptl_idx[i] is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   In another example:     -   When ols_ptl_idx[i] is not present and vps_num_ptls is equal to         1 and NumLayersInOls[i] is not equal to 1, ols_ptl_idx[i] is         inferred to be equal to 0.     -   In another example, the two if conditions in the syntax of Table         12 for signaling ols_ptl_idx[i] may be applied in different         order as follows:

for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  if( (TotalNumOlss-NumSingleLayerOlss) != vps_num_ptls)  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > l )   ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)

-   -   Or as follows:

for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > 1 )   if( (TotalNumOlss-NumSingleLayerOlss) != vps_num_ptls)    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)

-   -   In another example, the two if conditions in the syntax of Table         12 for signaling ols_ptl_idx[i]     -   may be combined as follows:

 for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > 1 && ( (TotalNumOlss-NumSingleLayerOlss) != vps_num_ptls))    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8) In another example, in the case where the total number of output layer sets is equal to the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, index of the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS syntax structure is not signalled, instead it is inferred. It should be noted that if the number of output layer sets is equal to the number of ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures signalled in the VPS, then, according to the techniques herein, those ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures may be signaled in the order such that the i-th structure corresponds to the ols_hrd_parameters( ) information for the i-th OLS. This allows omitting signaling of an index of the ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS syntax structure and instead infer it. This provides bit savings. Table 13 illustrates the relevant portion of a video_parameter_set( ) syntax structure according to the techniques herein.

TABLE 13 Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)   }  } ...  vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag u(1)  if( vps_general_hrd_params_present__flag ) {   general_hrd_parameters( )   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag u(1)   if( TotalNumOlss > 1 )    num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 ue(v)   for( i = 0; i <= num_ols_hrd_params_minus1; i++ ) {    if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )     hrd_max_tid[ i ] u(3)    firstSubLayer = vps_sublayer_cpb_params_present_flag ? 0 : hrd_max_tid[ i ]    ols_hrd_parameters( firstSubLayer, hrd_max_tid[ i ] )   }  if( TotalNumOlss != (num_ols_hrd_params_minus1+1) ) {   if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )    for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )     ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)   }  }  vps_extension_flag u(1)  if( vps_extension_flag )   while( more_rbsp_data( ) )    vps_extension_data_flag u(1)  rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

-   -   With respect to Table 13, the semantics may be based on the         semantics provided above, with the following the semantics for         syntax element ols_hrd_idx[i]:     -   ols_hrd_idx[i] specifies the index of the ols_hrd_parameters( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS. The value of         ols_hrd_idx[[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1, inclusive.     -   When TotalNumOlss is equal to (num_ols_hrd_params_minus1+1),         ols_hrd_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to i.     -   Otherwise (or when TotalNumOlss is not equal to         (num_ols_hrd_params_minus1+1)), and when not present, the value         of ols_hrd_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   In another example, the two if conditions in the syntax in Table         13 may be applied in different order as follows:

if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0 )  if( TotalNumOlss != (num_ols_hrdparams minus1+1) )   for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )    ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)

-   -   In another example, the two if conditions in the syntax in Table         13 may be logically combined as follows:

 if( (TotalNumOlss != (num_ols_hrd_params_minus1+1)) && (num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0))   for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )    ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)

-   -   In an example the for loop in the syntax above may start at 1         instead of 0. Thus, the part of loop may be as follows:

for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)

-   -   Thus, in one example, the conditional signaling of syntax         element ols_hrd_idx[i], according to the techniques herein, may         be expressed as follows:

if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1+1 != TotalNumOlss &&   num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0)  for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)

-   -   In one example, according to the techniques herein, the total         number of output layer sets (OLSs) minus number of single layer         OLSs may be compared to the total number of signaled         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS to determine         if ols_hrd_idx[i] is signalled or inferred. That is, in one         example, the signaling of syntax element ols_hrd_idx[i] may be         further conditioned on the variable NumLayersInOls[i] and a         variable NumSingleLayerOlss as follows:

if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1+1 != (TotalNumOlss − NumSingleLayerOlss) &&     num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0)  for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 )    ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)

-   -   Or as follows:

if( num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 != (TotalNumOlss − NumSingleLayerOlss-1) &&     num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 > 0)  for( i = 1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 )    ols_hrd_idx[ i ] ue(v)

-   -   Where, the variable NumSingleLayerOlss which counts the number         of single layer OLSs may be defined in the semantics of         ols_output_layer_flag[i][j] as follows:     -   The variable NumLayersInOls[i], specifying the number of layers         in the i-th OLS, and the variable [ii i][j], specifying the         nuh_layer_id value of the j-th layer in the i-th OLS, are         derived as follows:

  NumLayersInOls[ 0 ] = 1 LayerIdInOls[ 0 ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ 0 ] for( i = 1, NumSingleLayerOlss=1; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ ) {  if( each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = 1   LayerIdInOls[ i ][ 0 ] = vps_layer_id[ i ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 0 | | ols_mode_idc = = 1 ) {   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = i + 1   for( j = 0; j < NumLayersInOls[ i ]; j++ )    LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j ] = vps_layer_id[ j ]  } else if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {   for( k = 0, j = 0; k <= vps_max_layers_minus1; k++ )    if( layerIncludedInOlsFlag[ i ][ k ] )     LayerIdInOls[ i ][ j++ ] = vps_layer_id[ k ]   NumLayersInOls[ i ] = j  }  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] == 1)   NumSingleLayerOlss++ }

-   -   And the semantics of syntax elements num_ols_hrd_params_minus1         and ols_hrd_idx[i] may be based on the following:     -   num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 plus 1 specifies the number of         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures present in the         general_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure when         vps_general_hrd_params_present_flag is equal to 1. The value of         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to         TotalNumOlss−NumSingleLayerOlss−1, inclusive.     -   In another example:     -   The value of num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 shall be in the range of         0 to TotalNumOlss−NumSingleLayerOlss−2     -   ols_hrd_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list of         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         ols_hrd_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         OLS when NumLayersInOls[i] is greater than 1. The value of         ols_hrd_idx[[i] shall be in the range of 0 to         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1, inclusive.     -   When NumLayersInOls[i] is equal to 1, the ols_hrd_parameters( )         syntax structure that applies to the i-th OLS is present in the         SPS referred to by the layer in the i-th OLS.     -   If the value of num_ols_hrd_param_minus1+1 is equal to         (TotalNumOlss−NumSingleLayerOlss), the value of ols_hrd_idx[i]         is inferred as follows:

  for( i = 1, j = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 ) {   Infer ols_hrd_idx[ i ] to be equal to j   j= j+1  }

-   -   Otherwise, when NumLayersInOls[i] is greater than 1 and         num_ols_hrd_params_minus1 is equal to 0, the value of         ols_hrd_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.     -   Further, in one example, the inference may be written as         follows:     -   If the value of num_ols_hrd_param_minus1+1 is equal to         (TotalNumOlss−NumSingleLayerOlss), the value of ols_hrd_idx[i]         is inferred as follows:

  for( i = 1, j = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )  if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 )   Infer ols_hrd_idx[ i ] to be equal to j++

-   -   In another example, in the case where the number of         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS is equal to a         derived variable, one or more of the following syntax elements         may not be signaled and instead its value is inferred:         -   The index, to the list of dpb_parameters( ) syntax             structures in the VPS, of the dpb_parameters( ) syntax             structure that applies to the i-th layer when it is an             output layer in an OLS.         -   The index, to the list of dpb_parameters( ) syntax             structures in the VPS, of the dpb_parameters( ) syntax             structure that applies to the i-th layer when it is a             non-output layer in an OLS.             Table 14 illustrates the relevant portion of a             video_parameter_set( ) syntax structure according to the             techniques herein.

TABLE 14 Descriptor video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) {  vps_video_parameter_set_id u(4)  vps_max_layers_minus1 u(6)  vps_max_sublayers_minus1 u(3)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 && vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag u(1)  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 )   vps_all_independent_layers_flag u(1)  for( i = 0, NumDpbIndices=0; i <= vps_max_layers_minus1; i++ ) {   vps_layer_id[ i ] u(6)   if( i > 0 && !vps_all_independent_layers_flag ) {    vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] u(1)    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] ) {      NumDpbIndices++     for( j = 0; j < i; j++ )      vps_direct_ref_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  }  if( vps_max_layers_minus1 > 0 ) {   if( vps_all_independent_layers_flag )    each_layer_is_an_ols_flag u(1)   if( !each_layer_is_an_ols_flag ) {    if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )     ols_mode_idc u(2)    if( ols_mode_idc = = 2 ) {     num_output_layer_sets_minus1 u(8)     for( i = 1; i <= num_output_layer_sets minus1; i ++)      for( j = 0; j <= vps_max_layers_minus1; j++ )       ols_output_layer_flag[ i ][ j ] u(1)    }   }  }  vps_num_ptls u(8)  for i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ ) {   if( i > 0 )    pt_present_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)  }  while( !byte_aligned( ) )   vps_ptl_byte_alignment_zero_bit /* equal to 0 */ u(1)  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_ptls; i++ )   profile_tier_level( pt_present_flag[ i ], ptl_max_temporal_id[ i ] )  for( i = 0; i < TotalNumOlss; i++ )   if( NumLayersInOls[ i ] > 1 && vps_num_ptls > l )    ols_ptl_idx[ i ] u(8)  if( !vps_all_independent_layers_flag )   vps_num_dpb_params ue(v)  if( vps_num_dpb_params > 0 ) {   same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 )    vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag u(1)  }  for( i = 0; i < vps_num_dpb_params; i++ ) {   dpb_size_only_flag[ i ] u(1)   if( vps_max_sublayers_minus1 > 0 && !vps_all_layers_same_num_sublayers_flag )    dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ] u(3)   dpb_parameters( dpb_size_only_flag[ i ], dpb_max_temporal_id[ i ],       vps_sublayer_dpb_params_present_flag )  }   for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1; i++)    if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag )     NumDpbIndices++  if(vps_num_dpb_params != NumDpbIndices ) {   for( i = 0; i < vps_max_layers_minus1 && vps_num_dpb_params > 1; i++ ) {    if( !vps_independent_layer_flag[ i ] )     layer_output_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)    if( LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[ i ] && !same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput flag )     layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[ i ] ue(v)   }  }   rbsp_trailing_bits( ) }

-   -   With respect to Table 14, the semantics may be based on the         semantics provided above, with the following the semantics for         syntax element layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] and         layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i]:     -   layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] specifies the index, to the list         of dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         layer when it is an output layer in an OLS. When present, the         value of layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be in the range of         0 to vps_num_dpb_params−1, inclusive.     -   layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] specifies the index, to the         list of dpb_parameters( ) syntax structures in the VPS, of the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         layer when it is a non-output layer in an OLS. When present, the         value of layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be in the range         of 0 to vps_num_dpb_params−1, inclusive.     -   When not present, values for layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] and         layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] for i in the range of 0 to         vps_max_layers_minus1−1, inclusive are inferred sequentially in         increasing value of i as follows:     -   If vps_num_dpb_params is equal to NumDpbIndices, following         applies: {     -   A variable currentIdx is initialized to zero and following         inference rule is applied sequentially:     -   If vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 1, the         dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th         layer when it is an output layer is the dpb_parameters( ) syntax         structure present in the SPS referred to by the layer.     -   Otherwise (vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 0), the         following applies:         -   When vps_num_dpb_params is equal to 1, the value of             layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.             Otherwise layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be             equal to currentIdx and currentIdx is incremented by one.         -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value             of layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be such that             dpb_size_only_flag[layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] ] is equal             to 0.     -   If same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to 0 and         LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[i] is equal to 1,         layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to         currentIdx and currentIdx is incremented by one.     -   Otherwise if same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to         1 and LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[i] is equal to 0 or 1, the         following applies:         -   If vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 1, the             dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th             layer when it is a non-output layer is the dpb_parameters( )             syntax structure present in the SPS referred to by the             layer.         -   Otherwise (vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 0), the             value of layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be             equal to layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i].     -   Otherwise (same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to 0         and LayerUsedAsRefLayerFlag[i] is equal to 0 or 1), when         vps_num_dpb_params is equal to 1, the value of         layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.}     -   Otherwise if vps_num_dpb_params is not equal to NumDpbIndices         following applies: If vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to         1, the dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the         i-th layer when it is an output layer is the dpb_parameters( )         syntax structure present in the SPS referred to by the layer.     -   Otherwise (vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 0), the         following applies:         -   When vps_num_dpb_params is equal to 1, the value of             layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.         -   It is a requirement of bitstream conformance that the value             of layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] shall be such that             dpb_size_only_flag[layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i]] is equal             to 0.     -   If same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to 1, the         following applies:         -   If vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 1, the             dpb_parameters( ) syntax structure that applies to the i-th             layer when it is a non-output layer is the dpb_parameters( )             syntax structure present in the SPS referred to by the             layer.         -   Otherwise (vps_independent_layer_flag[i] is equal to 0), the             value of layer_nonoutput_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be             equal to layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i].     -   Otherwise (same_dpb_size_output_or_nonoutput_flag is equal to         0), when vps_num_dpb_params is equal to 1, the value of         layer_output_dpb_params_idx[i] is inferred to be equal to 0.         In this manner, source device 102 represents an example of a         device configured to signal a syntax element indicating whether         hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a         video_parameter_set and conditionally signal hypothetical         reference decoder parameters in a video_parameter_set based on         the value of the syntax element.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , interface 108 may include any device configured to receive data generated by data encapsulator 107 and transmit and/or store the data to a communications medium. Interface 108 may include a network interface card, such as an Ethernet card, and may include an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, or any other type of device that can send and/or receive information. Further, interface 108 may include a computer system interface that may enable a file to be stored on a storage device. For example, interface 108 may include a chipset supporting Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) bus protocols, proprietary bus protocols, Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocols, I²C, or any other logical and physical structure that may be used to interconnect peer devices.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , destination device 120 includes interface 122, data decapsulator 123, video decoder 124, and display 126. Interface 122 may include any device configured to receive data from a communications medium. Interface 122 may include a network interface card, such as an Ethernet card, and may include an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, or any other type of device that can receive and/or send information. Further, interface 122 may include a computer system interface enabling a compliant video bitstream to be retrieved from a storage device. For example, interface 122 may include a chipset supporting PCI and PCIe bus protocols, proprietary bus protocols, USB protocols, I²C, or any other logical and physical structure that may be used to interconnect peer devices. Data decapsulator 123 may be configured to receive and parse any of the example syntax structures described herein.

Video decoder 124 may include any device configured to receive a bitstream (e.g., a sub-bitstream extraction) and/or acceptable variations thereof and reproduce video data therefrom. Display 126 may include any device configured to display video data. Display 126 may comprise one of a variety of display devices such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or another type of display. Display 126 may include a High Definition display or an Ultra High Definition display. It should be noted that although in the example illustrated in FIG. 1 , video decoder 124 is described as outputting data to display 126, video decoder 124 may be configured to output video data to various types of devices and/or subcomponents thereof. For example, video decoder 124 may be configured to output video data to any communication medium, as described herein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a video decoder that may be configured to decode video data according to one or more techniques of this disclosure (e.g., the decoding process for reference-picture list construction described above). In one example, video decoder 600 may be configured to decode transform data and reconstruct residual data from transform coefficients based on decoded transform data. Video decoder 600 may be configured to perform intra prediction decoding and inter prediction decoding and, as such, may be referred to as a hybrid decoder. Video decoder 600 may be configured to parse any combination of the syntax elements described above in Tables 1-14. Video decoder 600 may decode a picture based on or according to the processes described above, and further based on parsed values in Tables 1-14

In the example illustrated in FIG. 6 , video decoder 600 includes an entropy decoding unit 602, inverse quantization unit 604, inverse transform coefficient processing unit 606, intra prediction processing unit 608, inter prediction processing unit 610, summer 612, post filter unit 614, and reference buffer 616. Video decoder 600 may be configured to decode video data in a manner consistent with a video coding system. It should be noted that although example video decoder 600 is illustrated as having distinct functional blocks, such an illustration is for descriptive purposes and does not limit video decoder 600 and/or sub-components thereof to a particular hardware or software architecture. Functions of video decoder 600 may be realized using any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software implementations.

As illustrated in FIG. 6 , entropy decoding unit 602 receives an entropy encoded bitstream. Entropy decoding unit 602 may be configured to decode syntax elements and quantized coefficients from the bitstream according to a process reciprocal to an entropy encoding process. Entropy decoding unit 602 may be configured to perform entropy decoding according any of the entropy coding techniques described above. Entropy decoding unit 602 may determine values for syntax elements in an encoded bitstream in a manner consistent with a video coding standard. As illustrated in FIG. 6 , entropy decoding unit 602 may determine a quantization parameter, quantized coefficient values, transform data, and prediction data from a bitstream. In the example, illustrated in FIG. 6 , inverse quantization unit 604 and inverse transform coefficient processing unit 606 receives a quantization parameter, quantized coefficient values, transform data, and prediction data from entropy decoding unit 602 and outputs reconstructed residual data.

Referring again to FIG. 6 , reconstructed residual data may be provided to summer 612 Summer 612 may add reconstructed residual data to a predictive video block and generate reconstructed video data. A predictive video block may be determined according to a predictive video technique (i.e., intra prediction and inter frame prediction). Intra prediction processing unit 608 may be configured to receive intra prediction syntax elements and retrieve a predictive video block from reference buffer 616. Reference buffer 616 may include a memory device configured to store one or more frames of video data. Intra prediction syntax elements may identify an intra prediction mode, such as the intra prediction modes described above. Inter prediction processing unit 610 may receive inter prediction syntax elements and generate motion vectors to identify a prediction block in one or more reference frames stored in reference buffer 616. Inter prediction processing unit 610 may produce motion compensated blocks, possibly performing interpolation based on interpolation filters. Identifiers for interpolation filters to be used for motion estimation with sub-pixel precision may be included in the syntax elements. Inter prediction processing unit 610 may use interpolation filters to calculate interpolated values for sub-integer pixels of a reference block. Post filter unit 614 may be configured to perform filtering on reconstructed video data. For example, post filter unit 614 may be configured to perform deblocking and/or Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) filtering, e.g., based on parameters specified in a bitstream. Further, it should be noted that in some examples, post filter unit 614 may be configured to perform proprietary discretionary filtering (e.g., visual enhancements, such as, mosquito noise reduction). As illustrated in FIG. 6 , a reconstructed video block may be output by video decoder 600. In this manner, video decoder 600 represents an example of a device configured parse a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set and conditionally parse hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one or more examples, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium and executed by a hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another, e.g., according to a communication protocol. In this manner, computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangible computer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave. Data storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementation of the techniques described in this disclosure. A computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.

By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storage media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if instructions are transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. It should be understood, however, that computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other transitory media, but are instead directed to non-transitory, tangible storage media. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated hardware and/or software modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated in a combined codec. Also, the techniques could be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.

The techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide variety of devices or apparatuses, including a wireless handset, an integrated circuit (IC) or a set of ICs (e.g., a chip set). Various components, modules, or units are described in this disclosure to emphasize functional aspects of devices configured to perform the disclosed techniques, but do not necessarily require realization by different hardware units. Rather, as described above, various units may be combined in a codec hardware unit or provided by a collection of interoperative hardware units, including one or more processors as described above, in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware.

Moreover, each functional block or various features of the base station device and the terminal device used in each of the aforementioned embodiments may be implemented or executed by a circuitry, which is typically an integrated circuit or a plurality of integrated circuits. The circuitry designed to execute the functions described in the present specification may comprise a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific or general application integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, or a discrete hardware component, or a combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, the processor may be a conventional processor, a controller, a microcontroller or a state machine. The general-purpose processor or each circuit described above may be configured by a digital circuit or may be configured by an analogue circuit. Further, when a technology of making into an integrated circuit superseding integrated circuits at the present time appears due to advancement of a semiconductor technology, the integrated circuit by this technology is also able to be used.

Various examples have been described. These and other examples are within the scope of the following claims.

<Summary>

In one example, a method of signaling parameters for video data, the method comprising: signaling a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set; and conditionally signaling hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, the method, further comprising: conditionally signaling profile tier level information based on the value of the syntax element

In one example, a method of decoding video data, the method comprising: parsing a syntax element indicating whether hypothetical reference decoder parameters are included in a video parameter set; and conditionally parsing hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a video parameter set based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, the method, further comprising: conditionally parsing profile tier level information based on the value of the syntax element.

In one example, the method, wherein the syntax element indicates whether each output layer set contains only one layer.

In one example, a device comprising one or more processors configured to perform any and all combinations of the steps.

In one example, the device, wherein the device includes a video encoder.

In one example, the device, wherein the device includes a video decoder.

In one example, a system comprising: the device includes a video encoder; and the device includes a video decoder.

In one example, an apparatus comprising means for performing any and all combinations of the steps.

In one example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device to perform any and all combinations of the steps.

In one example, a method of decoding video data, the method comprising: receiving a video parameter set including syntax elements; parsing first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parsing second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter set contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

In one example, the method, further comprising determining whether the number of multi-layer output layer sets specified by the video parameter set is not equal to the number of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set; and conditionally parsing from the video parameter set, based on the determination, third syntax element specifying an index to a list of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set.

In one example, a device comprising one or more processors configured to: receive a video parameter set including syntax elements; parse first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parse second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

In one example, the device, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine whether the number of multi-layer output layer sets specified by the video parameter set is not equal to the number of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set; and conditionally parse from the video parameter set, based on the determination, third syntax element specifying an index to a list of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set.

In one example, the device, wherein the device includes a video decoder.

CROSS REFERENCE

This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 on provisional Application No. 62/946,921 on Dec. 11, 2019, No. 62/955,277 on Dec. 30, 2019, No. 62/970,571 on Feb. 5, 2020, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 

1. A method of decoding video data, the method comprising: receiving a video parameter set including syntax elements; parsing first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parsing second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter set contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether the number of multi-layer output layer sets is not equal to the number of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set; and conditionally parsing from the video parameter set, based on the determination, third syntax element specifying an index to a list of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set.
 3. A device comprising one or more processors configured to: receive a video parameter set including syntax elements; parse first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parse second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine whether the number of multi-layer output layer sets is not equal to the number of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set; and conditionally parse from the video parameter set, based on the determination, third syntax element specifying an index to a list of output layer set hypothetical reference decoder parameters included in the video parameter set.
 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the device includes a video decoder. 